T形子宫
T形子宫是一种子宫畸形，其中子宫的形状类似于字母T。这通常在暴露于DES的女性中观察到。 它在ESHRE / ESGE分类中得到认可，并与植入失败，异位妊娠的风险增加，流产和早产有关。 有外科手术可以纠正畸形。T形子宫的子宫输卵管造影术。
标记物近端周围有圆形收缩的T形子宫。 子宫下部呈锥形变窄。
内容
1 原因
2 诊断
3 预后
4 参考
原因
T形畸形通常与子宫内暴露于DES相关（所谓的“ DES-daughters”），尽管它也是先天性的。
诊断
在几次妊娠失败后，通常通过探索性诊断程序，例如磁共振，超声检查，尤其是子宫输卵管造影术，对妇女进行诊断。在这样的研究中，观察到子宫管的间质和峡部变宽，以及整个子宫，特别是下部和侧面，子宫的收缩或变窄，因此命名为“ t”。子宫可能同时缩小，可能同时出现其他异常情况。
预后
T形子宫患者可以生孩子，但是在任何治疗之前和之后，他们都有更大的并发症风险，例如流产，生育力下降和早产。
当前的治疗这种畸形的外科手术方法称为宫腔镜矫正或子宫成形术，是通过对子宫壁进行侧向切口进行的，可以使器官恢复正常形态，同时改善患者的先前生殖能力。只要认为子宫内膜处于良好状态，它就被认为是低风险的手术，并且还可以将足月分娩率提高多达10倍。但是，手术后的风险包括胎盘增生，阿舍曼综合症和严重出血。
参考
Ben-Baruch G, Menczer J, Mashiach S, Serr DM (1981). "Uterine anomalies in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women with fertility disorders". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 60 (4): 395–7. doi:10.3109/00016348109154132. PMID 7282306.
Rennell CL (1979). "T-shaped uterus in diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 132 (6): 979–80. doi:10.2214/ajr.132.6.979. PMID 108980.
Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Brucker S, De Angelis C, Gergolet M, et al. (2013). "The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies". Hum Reprod. 28 (8): 2032–44. doi:10.1093/humrep/det098. PMC 3712660. PMID 23771171.
Meier, Rose; Campo, Rudi (2015). "T-Shaped Uterus". Female Genital Tract Congenital Malformations: 261–270. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-5146-3_25.
Pui MH (2004). "Imaging diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation". Comput Med Imaging Graph. 28 (7): 425–33. doi:10.1016/jpmedimag.2004.05.008. PMID 15464882.
Baramki TA (2005). "Hysterosalpingography". Fertil Steril. 83 (6): 1595–606. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.050. PMID 15950625.
Viscomi, G N; Gonzalez, R; Taylor, K J (1980). "Ultrasound detection of uterine abnormalities after diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure". Radiology. 136 (3): 733–735. doi:10.1148/radiology.136.3.7403556. ISSN 0033-8419. PMID 7403556.
van Gils AP, Tham RT, Falke TH, Peters AA (1989). "Abnormalities of the uterus and cervix after diethylstilbestrol exposure: correlation of findings on MR and hysterosalpingography". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 153 (6): 1235–8. doi:10.2214/ajr.153.6.1235. PMID 2816640.
Kaufman RH, Binder GL, Gray PM, Adam E (1977). "Upper genital tract changes associated with exposure in utero to diethylstilbestrol". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 128 (1): 51–9. PMID 851159.
Katz Z, Ben-Arie A, Lurie S, Manor M, Insler V (1996). "Beneficial effect of hysteroscopic metroplasty on the reproductive outcome in a 'T-shaped' uterus". Gynecol Obstet Invest. 41 (1): 41–3. doi:10.1159/000292033. PMID 8821883.
Berger MJ, Goldstein DP (1980). "Impaired reproductive performance in DES-exposed women". Obstet Gynecol. 55 (1): 25–7. PMID 7352058.
Lin, Paul C; Bhatnagar, Kunwar P; Nettleton, G.Stephen; Nakajima, Steven T (2002). "Female genital anomalies affecting reproduction". Fertility and Sterility. 78 (5): 899–915. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03368-X. ISSN 0015-0282.
Noyes N, Liu HC, Sultan K, Rosenwaks Z (1996). "Endometrial pattern in diethylstilboestrol-exposed women undergoing in-vitro fertilization may be the most significant predictor of pregnancy outcome". Hum Reprod. 11 (12): 2719–23. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019197. PMID 9021378.
Giacomucci E, Bellavia E, Sandri F, Farina A, Scagliarini G (2011). "Term delivery rate after hysteroscopic metroplasty in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and T-shaped, arcuate and septate uterus". Gynecol Obstet Invest. 71 (3): 183–8. doi:10.1159/000317266. PMID 21150155.
Golan A, Langer R, Neuman M, Wexler S, Segev E, David MP (1992). "Obstetric outcome in women with congenital uterine malformations". J Reprod Med. 37 (3): 233–6. PMID 1564709.
Fernandez, H.; Garbin, O.; Castaigne, V.; Gervaise, A.; Levaillant, J.-M. (2011). "Surgical approach to and reproductive outcome after surgical correction of a T-shaped uterus". Human Reproduction. 26 (7): 1730–1734. doi:10.1093/humrep/der056. ISSN 0268-1161. PMID 21398337.
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