胎儿下丘脑和垂体开始分泌促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)。 TSH首次在11周后可测量。[18]到18-20周,甲状腺素(T4)的产生达到临床显着和自给自足的水平。[18] [19]胎儿三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)保持低水平,低于15 ng / dL直至30周,并且在足月时增加至50 ng / dL。[19]胎儿需要在甲状腺激素中自给自足,以防止母体甲状腺功能减退引起的神经发育障碍。[20]碘的存在对于健康的神经发育至关重要。[21]
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