主要文章:肥胖的病理生理学
肥胖的发展和维持涉及许多可能的病理生理机制。[149]直到1994年由J. M. Friedman的实验室发现了leptin基因,这个研究领域几乎没有得到批准。[150]虽然瘦素和生长素释放肽是在外周产生的,但它们通过对中枢神经系统的作用来控制食欲。特别是,它们和其他食欲相关的激素作用于下丘脑,下丘脑是调节食物摄入和能量消耗的核心区域。下丘脑中有几个回路有助于其整合食欲,黑皮质素途径是最容易理解的。[149]该循环开始于下丘脑区域,即弓状核,其分别向下丘脑外侧(LH)和腹内侧下丘脑(VMH),大脑的进食和饱腹感中心输出[151]。
行业对研究的影响
2015年,“纽约时报”发表了一篇关于全球能源平衡网络的文章,该网络是一家成立于2014年的非营利组织,致力于让人们专注于增加运动量而不是减少卡路里摄入量以避免肥胖并保持健康。该组织由可口可乐公司提供至少150万美元的资金,该公司自2008年以来为两位创始科学家Gregory A. Hand和Steven N. Blair提供了400万美元的研究经费。[226] [227] ]
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