格式塔心理学家认为,面部不仅仅是一组面部特征,而且在形式上更具有意义。这与格式塔理论是一致的,即图像是完整的,而不是单个部分。根据加里·艾伦(Gary L. Allen)的说法,人们习惯于在进化过程中对面部做出更多回应,这是社会物种的自然结果。艾伦认为,识别面孔的目的源于“父母与婴儿的吸引力,父母与婴儿之间形成内部代表的快速而低效的手段,降低父母放弃他或她的可能性后代因为承认失败“。[9]艾伦的作品采用心理学的视角,将进化理论与格式塔心理学相结合。
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16. Important lessons for Muslim women - Page 176, ʻAmr ʻAbd al-Munʻim Salīm, Abdul Ahad - 2005