Ibn al-Nafis描述了公元1260年作品中的新陈代谢,名为Al-Risalah al-Kamiliyyah fil Siera al-Nabawiyyah(先知传记中卡米尔的论文),其中包括以下短语“身体及其部位都处于连续状态解散和营养,所以它们不可避免地会发生永久性变化。“新陈代谢科学研究的历史跨越了几个世纪,并且从早期研究中检查整个动物,到检查现代生物化学中的个体代谢反应。人类新陈代谢的第一个对照实验由Santorio Santorio于1614年在其著作“Ars de statica medicina”中出版。他描述了他在吃饭,睡觉,工作,性生活,禁食,饮酒和排泄之前和之后的体重。他发现他摄入的大部分食物都是通过他所谓的“无知的汗水”而丢失的。
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Santorio Santorio在他的杆秤平衡中,来自Ars de statica medicina,于1614年首次出版
在这些早期研究中,尚未发现这些代谢过程的机制,并且认为生命组织具有生命力。在19世纪,当研究通过酵母将糖发酵成酒精时,路易斯巴斯德得出结论,发酵是由酵母细胞内的物质催化的,他称之为“酵素”。他写道,“酒精发酵是一种与酵母细胞的生命和组织相关的行为,而不是细胞的死亡或腐败。”这一发现,以及FriedrichWöhler于1828年发表的一篇关于尿素化学合成的论文,以及作为第一种由全无机前体制备的有机化合物而闻名。这证明细胞中发现的有机化合物和化学反应在原理上与化学的任何其他部分没有区别。
Eduard Buchner在20世纪初发现了酶,它将代谢的化学反应研究与细胞的生物学研究分开,并标志着生物化学的开始。生物化学知识的大量在20世纪初迅速增长。汉斯克雷布斯是这些现代生物化学家中最多产的人之一,他为新陈代谢研究做出了巨大贡献。他发现尿素循环后来与Hans Kornberg一起研究柠檬酸循环和乙醛酸循环。现代生物化学研究得到了新技术的发展,如色谱,X射线衍射,核磁共振光谱,放射性同位素标记,电子显微镜和分子动力学模拟。这些技术允许发现和详细分析细胞中的许多分子和代谢途径。
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