MX远期转移无法评估
M0无远处转移
M1远处转移。
美国5年生存
分段%
0 98%
I 88%
II 63%
III 46%
IV 15%
数值
上述阶段可以集成到数字分段(罗马数字)中,如下所示:
Stage 0a: Ta, N0, M0
Stage 0is: Tis, N0, M0
Stage I: T1, N0, M0
Stage II: T2a or T2b, N0, M0
Stage III: T3a, T3b, or T4a, N0, M0
Stage IV; any of the following:
T4b, N0, M0
any T, N1 to N3, M0
any T, any N, M1
参考
"Bladder Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
"Cancer of the Urinary Bladder – Cancer Stat Facts". seer.cancer.gov. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
"Bladder Cancer". National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
"Bladder Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 5 June 2017. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (8 October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
"Cancer Fact sheet N°297". World Health Organization. February 2014. Archived from the original on 29 December 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
"Defining Cancer". National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 1.1. ISBN 9283204298.
"Diagnosis and Management of Hematuria". Surgical Clinics of North America. 96 (3): 503–515. 2016-06-01. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2016.02.007. ISSN 0039-6109.
Zeegers MP; Tan, FE; Dorant, E; Van Den Brandt, PA (2000). "The impact of characteristics of cigarette smoking on urinary tract cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies". Cancer. 89 (3): 630–9. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20000801)89:3<630::AID-CNCR19>3.0.CO;2-Q. PMID 10931463.
Osch, Frits H. M. van; Jochems, Sylvia H. J.; Schooten, Frederik-Jan van; Bryan, Richard T.; Zeegers, Maurice P. (2016-04-20). "Quantified relations between exposure to tobacco smoking and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 89 observational studies". International Journal of Epidemiology: dyw044. doi:10.1093/ije/dyw044. ISSN 0300-5771. PMID 27097748.
Lee, PN; Thornton, AJ; Hamling, JS (October 2016). "Epidemiological evidence on environmental tobacco smoke and cancers other than lung or breast". Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. 80: 134–63. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.06.012. PMID 27321059.
Reulen RC, Zeegers MP (September 2008). "A meta-analysis on the association between bladder cancer and occupation". Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum. 42 (218): 64–78. doi:10.1080/03008880802325192. PMID 18815919.
Sun, Jiang-Wei; Zhao, Long-Gang; Yang, Yang; Ma, Xiao; Wang, Ying-Ying; Xiang, Yong-Bing (24 March 2015). "Obesity and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of 15 Cohort Studies". PLOS ONE. 10 (3): e0119313. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119313. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4372289. PMID 25803438. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017.
Al-Zalabani, AbdulmohsenH.; Stewart, KellyF.J.; Wesselius, Anke; Schols, AnnemieM.W.J.; Zeegers, MauriceP. (2016-03-21). "Modifiable risk factors for the prevention of bladder cancer: a systematic review of meta-analyses". European Journal of Epidemiology: 1–41. doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0138-6. ISSN 0393-2990. PMC 5010611.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 109800
Lotan, Y.; Roehrborn, C. G. (2003). "Sensitivity and specificity of commonly available bladder tumor markers versus cytology: Results of a comprehensive literature review and meta-analyses". Urology. 61 (1): 109–118, discussion 118. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(02)02136-2. PMID 12559279.
Shariat; Karam, JA; Lotan, Y; Karakiewizc, PI; et al. (2008). "Critical Evaluation of Urinary Markers for Bladder Cancer Detection and Monitoring". Reviews in Urology. 10 (2): 120–135. PMC 2483317. PMID 18660854.
"Hexvix". Archived from the original on 21 October 2013.
"Photocure—Cysview Hexaminolevulinate (HCL)". Cysview.net. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2011. Fluorescence-guided transurethral resection of bladder tumours reduces bladder tumour recurrence due to less residual tumour tissue in Ta/T1 patients
"Hexvix guided fluorescence cystoscopy reduces recurrence in patients". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011.
"European Association of Urology (EAU)—Guidelines—Online Guidelines". Uroweb.org. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
"Types of Bladder Cancer: TCC & Other Variants | CTCA". CancerCenter.com. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
Longe, Jacqueline L. (2005). Gale Encyclopedia Of Cancer: A Guide To Cancer And Its Treatments. Detroit: Thomson Gale. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-4144-0362-5.
"Survival rates for bladder cancer by stage". American Cancer Society. Archived from the original on 13 October 2015. Last Medical Review: 02/26/2014
"How is bladder cancer staged?". American Cancer Society. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Last Medical Review: 02/26/2014
Chou R, Dana T (October 2010). "Screening adults for bladder cancer: a review of the evidence for the U.S. preventive services task force". Ann. Intern. Med. 153 (7): 461–8. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00009. PMID 20921545.
Roberts, Michelle; online (9 July 2013). "Urine odour test for bladder cancer". BBC News. BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
Brinkman M, Zeegers MP (September 2008). "Nutrition, total fluid and bladder cancer". Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. Supplementum. 42 (218): 25–36. doi:10.1080/03008880802285073. PMID 18815914.
Brinkman M, Zeegers MP (2006). "Use of selenium in chemoprevention of bladder cancer". Lancet Oncol. 7 (9): 766–74. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70862-2. PMID 16945772.
Valtin H (November 2002). ""Drink at least eight glasses of water a day." Really? Is there scientific evidence for "8 × 8"?". American Journal of Physiology. 283 (5): R993–R1004. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00365.2002. PMID 12376390. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015.
Alexandroff AB, Jackson AM, O'Donnell MA, James K (May 1999). "BCG immunotherapy of bladder cancer: 20 years on". Lancet. 353 (9165): 1689–94. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07422-4. PMID 10335805.
Lamm, Donald L.; Blumenstein, Brent A.; Crawford, E. David; Montie, James E.; Scardino, Peter; Grossman, H. Barton; Stanisic, Thomas H.; Smith Jr, Joseph A.; Sullivan, Jerry; Sarosdy, Michael F.; Crissman, John D.; Coltman, Charles A. (1991). "A Randomized Trial of Intravesical Doxorubicin and Immunotherapy with Bacille Calmette–Guérin for Transitional-Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder". New England Journal of Medicine. 325 (17): 1205–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199110243251703. PMID 1922207.
"Bladder Cancer Stages, Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Treatment". Archived from the original on 11 October 2013.
Witjes JA (May 2006). "Management of BCG failures in superficial bladder cancer: a review". European Urology. 49 (5): 790–7. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.01.017. PMID 16464532.
Babjuk W, Oosterlinck W, Sylvester R, et al. (2010). "Guidelines on TaT1 (Non-muscle invasive) Bladder Cancer". European Association of Urology. Archived from the original on 24 April 2010.
Bladder Cancer Clinical Guideline Update Panel (2007). Bladder Cancer: Guideline for the Management of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: (Stages Ta, T1, and Tis): 2007 Update. American Urological Association.[page needed]
Witjes JA, Hendricksen K (January 2008). "Intravesical pharmacotherapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a critical analysis of currently available drugs, treatment schedules, and long-term results". European Urology. 53 (1): 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2007.08.015. PMID 17719169.
Di Stasi SM, Riedl C (June 2009). "Updates in intravesical electromotive drug administration of mitomycin-C for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer". World Journal of Urology. 27 (3): 325–30. doi:10.1007/s00345-009-0389-x. PMID 19234707.
Kos, Bor; Vásquez, Juan Luis; Miklavčič, Damijan; Hermann, Gregers G G; Gehl, Julie (2016). "Investigation of the mechanisms of action behind Electromotive Drug Administration (EMDA)". PeerJ. 4 (e2309). doi:10.7717/peerj.2309. PMC 5012313. PMID 27635313. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
Nativ O, Witjes JA, Hendricksen K, et al. (October 2009). "Combined thermo-chemotherapy for recurrent bladder cancer after bacillus Calmette-Guerin". The Journal of Urology. 182 (4): 1313–7. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2009.06.017. PMID 19683278.
Colombo R, Da Pozzo LF, Salonia A, et al. (December 2003). "Multicentric study comparing intravesical chemotherapy alone and with local microwave hyperthermia for prophylaxis of recurrence of superficial transitional cell carcinoma". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 21 (23): 4270–6. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.01.089. PMID 14581436.
Alfred Witjes J, Hendricksen K, Gofrit O, Risi O, Nativ O (June 2009). "Intravesical hyperthermia and mitomycin-C for carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: experience of the European Synergo working party". World Journal of Urology. 27 (3): 319–24. doi:10.1007/s00345-009-0384-2. PMC 2694311. PMID 19234857.
Halachmi S, Moskovitz B, Maffezzini M, et al. (April 2009). "Intravesical mitomycin C combined with hyperthermia for patients with T1G3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder". Urologic Oncology. 29 (3): 259–264. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.02.012. PMID 19395285.
Smelser WW, Austenfeld MA, Holzbeierlein JM, Lee EK. Where are we with bladder preservation for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in 2017?. Indian J Urol 2017;33:111-7 http://www.indianjurol.com/text.asp?2017/33/2/111/203415 Archived 10 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
O'Brien T, Thomas K (November 2010). "Bladder cancer: Photodynamic diagnosis can improve surgical outcome". Nature Reviews Urology. 7 (11): 598–9. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2010.183. PMID 21068759.
Advanced Bladder Cancer (ABC) Meta-analysis Collaboration (August 2005). "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data advanced bladder cancer (ABC) meta-analysis collaboration". Eur. Urol. 48 (2): 202–5, discussion 205–6. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.04.006. PMID 15939524.
Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, et al. (August 2003). "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (9): 859–66. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa022148. PMID 12944571.
Hall R. Updated results of a randomised controlled trial of neoadjuvant cisplatin (C), methotrexate (m) and vinblastin (V) chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:178A, abstr 710.
Sherif A, Holmberg L, Rintala E, et al. (March 2004). "Neoadjuvant cisplatinum based combination chemotherapy in patients with invasive bladder cancer: a combined analysis of two Nordic studies". Eur. Urol. 45 (3): 297–303. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2003.09.019. PMID 15036674.
"WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 November 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
Lozano, R; et al. (15 December 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. PMID 23245604.
Hemelt M, Zeegers MP (2000). "The effect of smoking on the male excess of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis and geographical analyses". Int J Cancer. 124 (2): 412–9. doi:10.1002/ijc.23856. PMID 18792102.
"Scientists Find One Reason Why Bladder Cancer Hits More Men". University of Rochester Medical Center. 20 April 2007. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2007.
"Bladder cancer statistics". Cancer Research UK. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014.