类型
马斯特森的亚型(表现者和壁橱)
1993年,詹姆斯·马斯特森(James F. Masterson)提出了两类病态自恋,表现主义和壁橱。[48]两者都未能充分发展适合年龄和阶段的自我,因为通常由母亲提供的心理培育质量存在缺陷。展示主义自恋者是DSM-IV中描述的那个,并且在几个重要方面与壁橱自恋者不同。壁橱自恋者更可能被描述为具有萎缩,不充分的自我认知和更强烈的内心空虚意识。表现主义自恋者将被描述为具有夸张的,宏伟的自我认知,很少或根本没有意识到内在的空虚。这样的人会认为这种情况是正常的,其他人就像他一样。壁橱自恋者不断寻求其他人的认可,看起来与取悦他人的需要相似。表现主义自恋者一直寻求别人的完美钦佩。
虚构的自恋者
杰夫盖茨比,F。斯科特菲茨杰拉德1925年的小说“了不起的盖茨比”的同名人物,“一个寻求加入上流社会的自制美国男人的原型”,被描述为“自我理想”的“病态自恋者”。已经变得“膨胀和破坏”,其“宏大的谎言,现实的不良感,权利感和对他人的剥削待遇”共谋导致他自己的死亡。[88]
在电影To Die For中,妮可基德曼的角色想要不惜一切代价出现在电视上,即使这涉及谋杀她的丈夫。对她性格的精神评估指出,她“被评估者视为典型的自恋人:平均而言,她满足了9个自恋人格障碍标准中的8个......如果她被评估为人格障碍,她会得到诊断自恋型人格障碍“。[89]
Gordon Gekko是1987年电影“华尔街”和2010年续集“华尔街:金钱永不眠”的虚构人物。[90] Gekko已经成为流行文化的象征,无拘无束的贪婪和自我利益(标志性的线条,“贪婪,因为缺乏一个更好的词,是好的”),通常在公司财务以外的领域。
查尔斯福斯特凯恩是一个虚构角色,是奥森威尔斯1941年电影“公民凯恩”的主题。人们普遍认为这个角色是基于出版大亨威廉·伦道夫·赫斯特(William Randolph Hearst)。威尔斯扮演凯恩(获得奥斯卡提名),巴迪天鹅小时候扮演凯恩。威尔斯还制作,共同编写并执导了这部电影。西铁城凯恩探索了名义上的人物的生活,他出生于卑微的起源。 1871年,凯恩的母亲将他置于纽约市银行家沃尔特·帕克斯·撒切尔(Walter Parks Thatcher)的监护之下。作为一个成年人,凯恩控制了一份报纸,他用它来推进凯恩持股的业务。凯恩还雇用工作人员远离竞争对手Chronicle报纸,将他们视为收藏品。为了资助初出茅庐的询问者,凯恩利用他的个人资源;几十年来,这使他能够以每年百万美元的损失运营它。
Charlize Theron在Young Adult(2011)中扮演的角色,即使与孩子结婚,她也会回到家乡偷回她的高中甜心,体现了许多自恋特质 - 包括她没有受到关注时的空虚感或她的写作赞美。
另见:
Codependency
Counterdependency
Dark triad
Dorian Gray syndrome
Ego ideal
Egotism
Gender differences in narcissism
Illusory superiority
Jointness (psychodynamics)
Megalomania
Narcissism of small differences
Narcissistic elation
Narcissistic mortification
Narcissistic withdrawal
Pride
Psychopathy
Selfishness
Superiority complex
True self and false self
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