哲学家孔子(公元前551-479),他说,“真正的知识是要知道一个人的无知程度”[3]
苏格拉底哲学家(公元前470-399),他从德尔菲的神谕中解释了一个预言,尽管他觉得自己并不完全理解任何东西,但他是明智的,因为他知道自己什么都不知道的智慧
剧作家威廉莎士比亚(1564-1616)曾说过,“傻瓜认为他是聪明的,但聪明人知道自己是个傻瓜”(你喜欢它,V。我。)[21]
诗人亚历山大·波普(Alexander Pope,1688-1744)在“论批评论文集”(The Essay on Criticism)中写道:1709:“一点学习是危险的事情”
小说家亨利·菲尔丁(1707-1754)在小说“汤姆琼斯的历史”中写道:“对于真正学习和几乎普遍知识的人来说,总是富有同情心(怜悯)他人的无知;但同伴们谁擅长一些小的,低级的,可鄙的艺术,总是肯定会鄙视那些不熟悉那种艺术的人。“
自然学家查尔斯·达尔文(1809-1882)曾说过,“无知更多地引起信心而不是知识”[1]
哲学家弗里德里希·尼采(1844-1900),他在“人类,所有太人”(格言483)中写道,“真理的敌人。 - 定罪是真理比罪行更危险的敌人。”[22]
诗人W. B. Yeats(1865-1939),在诗歌“再来”中说:“最好的缺乏所有的信念,而最坏的/充满激情的强度。”[11]
哲学家和数学家伯特兰·罗素(Bertrand Russell,1872-1970)曾说过,“我们这个时代最痛苦的事情之一就是那些感到确定的人是愚蠢的,那些有想象力和理解力的人充满怀疑和犹豫不决。”[11 ]
另见
Psychology portal
Big-fish–little-pond effect
Curse of knowledge
Four stages of competence – Learning model relating the psychological states in progressing from incompetence to competence in a skill
Grandiose delusions
Hanlon's razor – Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity
Hubris
Impostor syndrome
Narcissism
Narcissistic personality disorder
Not even wrong – An argument or explanation that is based on invalid reasoning or speculative premises that can neither be proven correct nor falsified
Optimism bias
Overconfidence effect
Peter principle
Self-deception
Self-efficacy
Self-serving bias
Superiority complex
Ultracrepidarianism
Law of triviality
参考
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"Why losers have delusions of grandeur". New York Post. 23 May 2010. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
Dunning, David; Johnson, Kerri; Ehrlinger, Joyce; Kruger, Justin (1 June 2003). "Why People Fail to Recognize Their Own Incompetence". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 12 (3): 83–87. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.01235.
Lee, Chris (5 November 2016). "Revisiting why incompetents think they're awesome". Ars Technica. p. 3. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
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Nuhfer, Edward; (retired), California State University; Fleischer, Steven; Cogan, Christopher; Wirth, Karl; Gaze, Eric; Islands, California State University - Channel; College, Ventura; College, Macalester (2017). "How Random Noise and a Graphical Convention Subverted Behavioral Scientists' Explanations of Self-Assessment Data: Numeracy Underlies Better Alternatives". Numeracy. 10 (1). doi:10.5038/1936-4660.10.1.4. ISSN 1936-4660.
DeAngelis, Tori (February 2003). "Why We overestimate Our Competence". Monitor on Psychology. American Psychological Association. 34 (2): 60. ISSN 1529-4978. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
Heine, S. J.; Lehman, D. R.; Ide, E.; Leung, C.; Kitayama, S.; Takata, T.; Matsumoto, H. (October 2001). "Divergent Consequences of Success and Failure in Japan and North America: An Investigation of Self-improving Motivations and Malleable Selves". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. American Psychological Association. 81 (4): 599–615. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.4.599. ISSN 0022-3514. PMID 11642348.
"Ig Nobel Past Winners". Improbable Research. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
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