Michael Servetus是第一个描述肺循环功能的欧洲人,尽管他的成就在当时并未被广泛认可,原因有几个。 他首先在“巴黎手稿”[24] [25](1546年左右)中对此进行了描述,但这项工作从未发表过。 后来他发表了这个描述,但是在一篇神学论文中,Christianismi Restitutio,而不是一本关于医学的书。 这本书只有三本书幸存下来,但这些书仍然隐藏了几十年,其余的书在1553年出版后不久就因为宗教当局迫害塞尔维特而被烧毁。
更为人所知的肺循环发现是维萨利斯于1559年在帕多瓦的Realdo Colombo的继任者。
[attach]6007[/attach]
图片来自William Harvey的动画片Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus,1628
最后,Hieronymus Fabricius的学生William Harvey(他之前描述了静脉的瓣膜而没有认识到它们的功能),进行了一系列的实验,并于1628年在Animalibus发表了“运动”(Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis),其中“证明了必须在整个身体的静脉和动脉系统之间建立直接联系,而不仅仅是肺部。最重要的是,他认为心脏的搏动通过身体四肢的微小连接产生了连续的血液循环。这是一个概念上的飞跃,与Ibn al-Nafis对心脏和肺部的解剖学和血流的改进完全不同。“[26]这项工作,基本上正确的阐述,慢慢地说服了医学界。然而,Harvey无法确定连接动脉和静脉的毛细血管系统;这些是后来由Marcello Malpighi于1661年发现的。
1956年,AndréFrédéricCournand,Werner Forssmann和Dickinson W. Richards因其心脏导管插入术和循环系统病理变化的发现而被授予诺贝尔医学奖。[27]在他的诺贝尔演讲中,Forssmann认为Harvey是分娩心脏病学在1628年出版了他的书。[28]
另见
Cardiology
Vital heat
Cardiac muscle
Major systems of the human body
Amato Lusitano
Vascular resistance
参考
"circulatory system" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
"Let's beat cancer sooner". Cancer Research UK. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
"cardiovascular system" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
"How does the blood circulatory system work?". PubMed Health. 1 August 2016.
Sherwood, Lauralee (2011). Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems. Cengage Learning. pp. 401–. ISBN 978-1-133-10893-1.
Cardiovascular+System at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Pratt, Rebecca. "Cardiovascular System: Blood". AnatomyOne. Amirsys, Inc. Archived from the original on 2017-02-24.
Guyton, Arthur; Hall, John (2000). Guyton Textbook of Medical Physiology (10 ed.). ISBN 072168677X.
National Institutes of Health. "What Are the Lungs?". nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2014-10-04.
State University of New York (February 3, 2014). "The Circulatory System". suny.edu. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014.
Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, J.; Raff, M.; Roberts, K.; Walters, P. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.
Whitaker, Kent (2001). "Fetal Circulation". Comprehensive Perinatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care. Delmar Thomson Learning. pp. 18–20. ISBN 978-0-7668-1373-1.
Wier LM, Steiner CA, Owens PL (April 17, 2015). "Surgeries in Hospital-Owned Outpatient Facilities, 2012". HCUP Statistical Brief #188. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Monahan‐Earley, R., Dvorak, A. M., & Aird, W. C. (2013). Evolutionary origins of the blood vascular system and endothelium. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 11 (s1): 46-66.
Bailey, Regina. "Circulatory System". biology.about.com.
Simões-Costa MS, et al. 2005. The evolutionary origin of cardiac chambers. Dev. Biol. 277: 1–15.
"Crocodilian Hearts". National Center for Science Education. October 24, 2008. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
Dwivedi, Girish & Dwivedi, Shridhar (2007). "History of Medicine: Sushruta – the Clinician – Teacher par Excellence" Archived October 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci Vol.49 pp.243-4, National Informatics Centre (Government of India).
Anatomy – History of anatomy. Scienceclarified.com. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
Shoja, M. M.; Tubbs, R. S.; Loukas, M.; Khalili, M.; Alakbarli, F.; Cohen-Gadol, A. A. (2009). "Vasovagal syncope in the Canon of Avicenna: The first mention of carotid artery hypersensitivity". International Journal of Cardiology. 134 (3): 297–301. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.02.035. PMID 19332359.
Hajar, Rachel (1999). "The Greco-Islamic Pulse". Heart Views. 1 (4): 136–140 [138]. Archived from the original on 2014-01-09.
Reflections, Chairman's (2004). "Traditional Medicine Among Gulf Arabs, Part II: Blood-letting". Heart Views. 5 (2): 74–85 [80]. Archived from the original on 2007-09-11.
West, J. B. (2008). "Ibn al-Nafis, the pulmonary circulation, and the Islamic Golden Age". Journal of Applied Physiology. 105 (6): 1877–1880. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91171.2008. PMC 2612469. PMID 18845773.
Gonzalez Etxeberria, Patxi (2011) Amor a la verdad, el – vida y obra de Miguel servet [The love for truth. Life and work of Michael Servetus]. Navarro y Navarro, Zaragoza, collaboration with the Government of Navarra, Department of Institutional Relations and Education of the Government of Navarra. ISBN 8423532666 pp. 215–228 & 62nd illustration (XLVII)
Michael Servetus Research Study with graphical proof on the Manuscript of Paris and many other manuscripts and new works by Servetus
Pormann, Peter E. and Smith, E. Savage (2007) Medieval Islamic medicine Georgetown University, Washington DC, p. 48, ISBN 1589011619.
"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
"The Role of Heart Catheterization and Angiocardiography in the Development of Modern Medicine". Retrieved 2017-10-08.
Wayne, Tiffany K. (2011). American women of science since 1900. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. pp. 677–678. ISBN 9781598841589.