参考
Pedowitz, R. A.; O’Connor, J. J.; Akeson, W. H. (2003). Daniel's Knee Injuries: Ligament and Cartilage Structure, Function, Injury, and Repair (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0781718172.
LaPrade, R. F.; Engebretsen, A. H.; Ly, T. V.; Johansen, S.; Wentorf, F. A.; Engebretsen, L. (2007). "The anatomy of the medial part of the knee". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89 (9): 2000–2010. doi:10.2106/JBJS.F.01176. PMID 17768198.
Marchant, M. H.; Tibor, L. M.; Sekiya, J. K.; Hardaker, W. T., Jr.; Garrett, W. E., Jr.; Taylor, D. C. (2010). "Management of medial-sided knee injuries, part 1: Medial collateral ligament". Am J Sports Med. 39 (5): 1102–1113. doi:10.1177/0363546510385999. PMID 21148144.
LaPrade, R. F.; Wijdicks, C. A. (2012). "The management of injuries to the medial side of the knee". J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 42 (3): 221–233. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3624. PMID 22382986.
Widjicks CA, Griffin CJ, Johansen S, Engebretsen L, LaPrade RF (2010). "Injuries to the medial collateral ligament and associated medial structures of the knee". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 92 (5): 1266–1280. doi:10.2106/jbjs.i.01229. PMID 20439679.
Jacobson KE (1999). "Technical pitfalls of collateral ligament surgery". Clinical Sports Med. 18 (4): 847–882. doi:10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70188-5.
Widjicks CA, Westerhaus BD, Brand EJ, Johansen S, Engebretsen L, LaPrade RF (2010). "Sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve in relation to a medial knee ligament repair or reconstruction". Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 18 (8): 1105–1109. doi:10.1007/s00167-009-0934-6. PMID 19859696.
Lind M, Jakobsen BW, Lund B, Hansen MS, Abdallah O, Christiansen SE (2009) Anatomical reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament and posteromedial corner of the knee in patients with chronic medial collateral ligament instability. Am J Sports Med 37: doi:10.1177/0363546509332498
Griffith, C. J.; LaPrade, R. F.; Johansen, S.; Armitage, B.; Wijdicks, C.; Engebretsen, L. (2009). "Medial knee injury: Part 1, static function of the individual components of the main medial knee structures". Am J Sports Med. 37 (9): 1762–1770. doi:10.1177/0363546509333852. PMID 19609008.
Hughston, J. C.; Eilers, A. F. (1973). "The role of the posterior oblique ligament in repairs of acute medial (collateral) ligament tears of the knee" (PDF). J Bone Joint Surg Am. 55 (5): 923–940. PMID 4760100.
Tibor LM, Marchant MH, Sekiya JK, Hardaker WT Jr, Garrett WE Jr, Taylor DC (2010). "Management of medial-sided knee injuries, part 2: Posteromedial corner". Am J Sports Med. 39 (6): 1332–1340. doi:10.1177/0363546510387765. PMID 21173192.
Hughston, J. C.; Norwood, L. A. (1980). "The posterolateral drawer test and external rotation recurvatum test for posterolateral rotational instability of the knee". Clin Orthop. 147 (147): 82–87. doi:10.1097/00003086-198003000-00014. PMID 7371321.
LaPrade RF, Terry GC (1997). "Injuries to the posterolateral aspect of the knee: Association of injuries with clinical instability". Am J Sports Med. 25 (4): 433–438. doi:10.1177/036354659702500403. PMID 9240974.
Petermann J, von Garrel T, Gotzen L (1993). "Non-operative treatment of acute medial collateral ligament lesions of the knee joint". Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1 (2): 93–96. doi:10.1007/bf01565459.
LaPrade RF, Bernhardson AS, Griffith CJ, Macalena JA, Wijdicks CA (2009). "Correlation of valgus stress radiographs with medial knee ligament injuries: An in vitro biomechanical study". Am J Sports Med. 38 (2): 330–338. doi:10.1177/0363546509349347. PMID 19966093.
Altschuler EL, Bryce TN (2006). "Images in clinical medicine. Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome". N Engl J Med. 354 (1): e1. doi:10.1056/nejmicm040406. PMID 16394294.
Milewski MD, Sanders TG, Miller MD (2011) MRI-arthroscopy correlation: the knee. J Bone Joint Surg 93-A:1735-1745
Yao L, Dungan D, Seeger LL (1994). "MR imaging of tibial collateral ligament injury: Comparison with clinical examination". Skeletal Radiol (Submitted manuscript). 23 (7): 52–524. doi:10.1007/bf00223082.
Miller MD, Osborne JR, Gordon WT, Hinkin DT, Brinker MR (1998). "The natural history of bone bruises: A prospective study of magnetic resonance imaging-detected trabecular microfractures in patients with isolated medial collateral ligament injuries". Am J Sports Med. 26 (1): 15–19. doi:10.1177/03635465980260011001. PMID 9474396.
-->American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (24 April 2014), "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine, retrieved 29 July 2014
Dixit, S; DiFiori, JP; Burton, M; Mines, B (Jan 15, 2007). "Management of patellofemoral pain syndrome". American Family Physician. 75 (2): 194–202. PMID 17263214.
Atanda A, Jr; Ruiz, D; Dodson, CC; Frederick, RW (Feb 2012). "Approach to the active patient with chronic anterior knee pain". The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 40 (1): 41–50. doi:10.3810/psm.2012.02.1950. PMID 22508250.
Pappas, E; Wong-Tom, WM (Mar 2012). "Prospective Predictors of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis". Sports Health. 4 (2): 115–20. doi:10.1177/1941738111432097. PMC 3435911. PMID 23016077.
Rixe, JA; Glick, JE; Brady, J; Olympia, RP (Sep 2013). "A review of the management of patellofemoral pain syndrome". The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 41 (3): 19–28. doi:10.3810/psm.2013.09.2023. PMID 24113699.
Roush, MB; Sevier, TL; Wilson, JK; Jenkinson, DM; Helfst, RH; Gehlsen, GM; Basey, AL (Jan 2000). "Anterior knee pain: a clinical comparison of rehabilitation methods". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 10 (1): 22–8. doi:10.1097/00042752-200001000-00005. PMID 10695846.
Frank CB, Loitz BJ, Shrive NG (1995). "Injury location affects ligament healing: a morphologic and mechanical study of the healing rabbit medial collateral ligament". Acta Orthop Scand. 66 (5): 455–462. doi:10.3109/17453679508995587.
Schroder D, Passler HH (1994). "Combination of cold and compression after knee surgery: a prospective randomized study". Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2 (3): 158–165. doi:10.1007/bf01467918.
Ballmer PM, Jakob RP (1988). "The non-operative treatment of isolated complete tears of the medial collateral ligament of the knee: a prospective study". Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 107 (5): 273–276. doi:10.1007/bf00451505.
Hugston JC (1994). "The importance of the posterior oblique ligament in repairs of acute tears of the medial ligaments in knees with and without an associated rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament: Results of long-term follow-up". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 76: 1328–1344.
Griffith CJ, Wijdicks CA, LaPrade RF, Armitage BM, Johansen S, Engebretsen L (2009). "Force measurements on the posterior oblique ligament and superficial medial collateral ligament proximal and distal divisions to applied loads". Am J Sports Med. 37 (1): 140–148. doi:10.1177/0363546508322890. PMID 18725650.
Coobs BR, Wijdicks CA, Armitage BM, Spiridonov SI, Westerhaus BD, Johansen S, Engebretsen L, LaPrade RF (2010). "An in vitro analysis of an anatomical medial knee reconstruction". Am J Sports Med. 38 (2): 339–347. doi:10.1177/0363546509347996. PMID 19966100.
LaPrade RF, Wijdicks CA (2012). "Surgical technique: Development of an anatomic medial knee reconstruction". Clin Orthop Relat Res. 470 (3): 806–814. doi:10.1007/s11999-011-2061-1. PMC 3270176. PMID 21909850.
Widjicks CA, Brand EJ, Nuckley DJ, Johansen S, LaPrade RF, Engebretsen L (2010). "Biomechanical evaluation of a medial knee reconstruction with comparison of bioabsorbable interference screw constructs and optimization with a cortical button". Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 18 (11): 1532–1541. doi:10.1007/s00167-010-1127-z. PMID 20563561.
Crawford, Duncan (28 January 2010). "Northern Ireland kneecapping victim 'shot four times'". BBC Newbeat. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
Williams 1997, pp. 78–80.
Orsini 2011, pp. 13, 121.
Amnesty International UK 2009.
Amnesty International Ireland 2009, p. 3.
"Bangladesh: Stop 'Kneecapping' Detainees". 29 September 2016. Retrieved 10 May 2017.