近年来,记录男性包皮环切术(MC)的安全性和实质性健康益处的科学证据的数量和质量大幅增加,特别是在婴儿期早期(43,47-50),当福利超过风险时超过100比1(44,51)。益处始于预防尿路感染(52,53),尤其是先天性泌尿系统异常,如膀胱输尿管反流(52)。对男性的好处包括降低某些性传播感染的风险(54-58)。 MC对男性异性性感染HIV感染提供保护的早期证据(59-63)现已在最高标准的科学证据中得到证实,包括撒哈拉以南非洲的3个精心设计的大型随机对照试验(RCTs)(64 -66),系统评价(67),以及Cochrane委员会对MC试验结果的荟萃分析(68)。这导致MC被世界卫生组织和联合国艾滋病规划署认可为另一项重要干预措施,有助于减少艾滋病在流行病环境中的发病率(69)。推出自愿医疗MC(VMMC)计划已在高优先级国家(70个)实施了1890万MC程序,有助于减少感染和挽救生命(71)。 MC RCT随后发现男性其他几种性传播感染的风险降低(57)。由于MC对男性的益处现已确立,美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)(58)和美国儿科学会(48,72)制定了积极的政策建议,后者的政策得到了美国妇产科学院的认可。
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