一些研究者使用惰性粒子而不是实际精子来研究运输机制。奶牛的早期发现表明,一些精子在授精后不到三分钟就进入了输卵管,人类医学也出现了类似的报道。 1972年,Charles de Boer公布了大约200名患者的大样本结果,这些患者计划进行子宫切除术或输卵管结扎术。在手术前,他在阴道或子宫的不同部位注射了少量印度墨水(悬浮在水中的碳颗粒)。只有6%的患者墨水从阴道迁移到输卵管。相比之下,几乎三分之一的时间从子宫颈到输卵管的转移,而从子宫室的转移发生在一半以上。在一些患者中,大量的墨水在通过输卵管后溢出到腹腔中。
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