历史
这种疾病首先由William R. Kennedy于1968年描述。[17] 1991年,人们认识到AR基因参与了疾病过程。 这种疾病可能比最初想象的更常见,SBMA患病率估计为1:300,000男性。[3]
另见
Spinal muscular atrophies
参考
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"Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy". Genetics Home Reference. 2016-03-21. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
La Spada, Albert (1993-01-01). Pagon, Roberta A.; Adam, Margaret P.; Ardinger, Holly H.; Wallace, Stephanie E.; Amemiya, Anne; Bean, Lora JH; Bird, Thomas D.; Fong, Chin-To; Mefford, Heather C., eds. Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle. PMID 20301508. Update: July 3, 2014
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Chen CJ, Fischbeck KH (2006). "Ch. 13: Clinical aspects and the genetic and molecular biology of Kennedy's disease". In Tetsuo Ashizawa, Wells, Robert V. Genetic Instabilities and Neurological Diseases (2nd ed.). Boston: Academic Press. pp. 211–222. ISBN 978-0-12-369462-1.
Browne SE, Beal MF (Mar 2004). "The energetics of Huntington's disease". Neurochem Res (Review). 29 (3): 531–46. doi:10.1023/b:nere.0000014824.04728.dd. PMID 15038601.
"Kennedy disease | Disease | Overview | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
Grunseich, Christopher; Fischbeck, Kenneth H. (2015-11-01). "Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy". Neurologic Clinics. 33 (4): 847–854. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.07.002. ISSN 1557-9875. PMC 4628725. PMID 26515625.
Sikka, Paul K.; Beaman, Shawn T.; Street, James A. (2015-04-09). Basic Clinical Anesthesia. Springer. p. 470. ISBN 9781493917372. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/715991
"OMIM Entry - # 313200 - SPINAL AND BULBAR MUSCULAR ATROPHY, X-LINKED 1; SMAX1". omim.org. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
Adachi, H.; Waza, M.; Katsuno, M.; Tanaka, F.; Doyu, M.; Sobue, G. (2007-04-01). "Pathogenesis and molecular targeted therapy of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy". Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology. 33 (2): 135–151. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00830.x. ISSN 1365-2990. PMID 17359355.
Merry, D. E. (2005). "Animal Models of Kennedy Disease". NeuroRx. 2 (3): 471–479. doi:10.1602/neurorx.2.3.471. PMC 1144490. PMID 16389310.
"Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy X-linked - Tests - GTR - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
"Kennedy's Disease Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)". NIH. Retrieved 2016-03-23.
Atsuta, Naoki (2006). "Natural history of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA): a study of 223 Japanese patients". Brain. 129 (6): 1446–1455. doi:10.1093/brain/awl096. PMID 16621916.
Kennedy, W. R.; Alter, M.; Sung, J. H. (1968). "Progressive proximal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset. A sex-linked recessive trait". Neurology. 18 (7): 671–680. doi:10.1212/WNL.18.7.671. PMID 4233749.