SMA症状的严重程度与剩余SMN2基因弥补SMN1功能丧失的程度有很大关系。这部分与染色体上存在的SMN2基因拷贝数有关。虽然健康个体携带两个SMN2基因拷贝,但患有SMA的人可以具有1到4个(或更多)的任何东西,SMN2拷贝数越多,疾病严重程度越轻。因此,大多数SMA I型婴儿有一个或两个SMN2拷贝; SMA II和III的人通常至少有三个SMN2拷贝;患有SMA IV的人通常至少有四个人。然而,症状严重程度与SMN2拷贝数之间的相关性并不是绝对的,并且似乎存在影响疾病表型的其他因素。[10]
骨科
与SMA肌肉较弱相关的骨骼问题包括关节紧张,活动范围有限,髋关节脱位,脊柱畸形,骨质减少,骨折和疼痛的风险增加[9]。通常稳定关节的弱肌肉,例如脊柱导致脊柱后凸和/或脊柱侧凸和关节挛缩的发展。[9]脊柱融合有时在患有SMA I / II的人中进行,一旦他们达到8-10岁,以减轻肺部变形脊柱的压力。此外,不动的个体,移动设备上的姿势和姿势以及运动范围和骨骼强化对于预防并发症也很重要。[25]患有SMA的人也可能从各种形式的物理疗法,职业疗法和物理疗法中受益匪浅。
另见
Floppy baby syndrome
Motor neuron disease
Spinal muscular atrophies
参考
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