另见
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.
Large intestine (Chinese medicine)
Colectomy
参考
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1177 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
"large intestine". NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health. 2011-02-02. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
"Colon Anatomy: Gross Anatomy, Microscopic Anatomy, Natural Variants". 2018-07-05.
Kapoor, Vinay Kumar (13 Jul 2011). Gest, Thomas R., ed. "Large Intestine Anatomy". Medscape. WebMD LLC. Retrieved 2013-08-20.
Gray, Henry (1918). Gray's Anatomy. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
"large intestine". Mosby's Medical Dictionary (8th ed.). Elsevier. 2009. ISBN 9780323052900.
"intestine". Concise Medical Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN 9780199557141.
"large intestine". A Dictionary of Biology. Oxford University Press. 2013. ISBN 9780199204625.
"Large intestine".
Drake, R.L.; Vogl, W.; Mitchell, A.W.M. (2010). Gray's Anatomy for Students. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone.
David Krogh (2010), Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, p. 597, ISBN 978-0-321-61655-5
Hounnou G, Destrieux C, Desmé J, Bertrand P, Velut S (2002). "Anatomical study of the length of the human intestine". Surg Radiol Anat. 24 (5): 290–4. doi:10.1007/s00276-002-0057-y. PMID 12497219.
Nguyen H, Loustaunau C, Facista A, Ramsey L, Hassounah N, Taylor H, Krouse R, Payne CM, Tsikitis VL, Goldschmid S, Banerjee B, Perini RF, Bernstein C (2010). "Deficient Pms2, ERCC1, Ku86, CcOI in field defects during progression to colon cancer". J Vis Exp (41). doi:10.3791/1931. PMC 3149991. PMID 20689513.
"Peritoneum". Mananatomy.com. 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-02-07.
"Untitled".
Medical dictionary
Spiral colon and caecum
"Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions".
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA, Ahnen DJ, Meester RG, Barzi A, Jemal A (March 1, 2017). "Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017". CA Cancer J. Clin. 67 (3): 177–193. doi:10.3322/caac.21395. PMID 28248415.
Smithivas, T.; Hyams, P. J.; Rahal, J. J. (1971-12-01). "Gentamicin and ampicillin in human bile". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 124 Suppl: S106–108. doi:10.1093/infdis/124.supplement_1.s106. ISSN 0022-1899. PMID 5126238.
Anatomy at a Glance by Omar Faiz and David Moffat
Snell, Richard S. (1992). Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students (4 ed.). Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. pp. 53–54.
Le, Tao; et al. (2014). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 196.
Mayo Clinic Staff (2006-10-13). "Redundant colon: A health concern?". Ask a Digestive System Specialist. MayoClinic.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
Mayo Clinic Staff. "Redundant colon: A health concern? (Above with active image links)". riversideonline.com. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
Lichtenstein, Gary R.; Peter D. Park; William B. Long; Gregory G. Ginsberg; Michael L. Kochman (18 August 1998). "Use of a Push Enteroscope Improves Ability to Perform Total Colonoscopy in Previously Unsuccessful Attempts at Colonoscopy in Adult Patients". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 94 (1): 187–90. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00794.x. PMID 9934753. Note: single use PDF copy provided free by Blackwell Publishing for purposes of Wikipedia content enrichment.
Bernstein C, Facista A, Nguyen H, Zaitlin B, Hassounah N, Loustaunau C, Payne CM, Banerjee B, Goldschmid S, Tsikitis VL, Krouse R, Bernstein H (2010). "Cancer and age related colonic crypt deficiencies in cytochrome c oxidase I". World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2 (12): 429–42. doi:10.4251/wjgo.v2.i12.429. PMC 3011097. PMID 21191537.
Baker AM, Cereser B, Melton S, Fletcher AG, Rodriguez-Justo M, Tadrous PJ, Humphries A, Elia G, McDonald SA, Wright NA, Simons BD, Jansen M, Graham TA (2014). "Quantification of crypt and stem cell evolution in the normal and neoplastic human colon". Cell Rep. 8 (4): 940–7. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.019. PMC 4471679. PMID 25127143.
Nooteboom M, Johnson R, Taylor RW, Wright NA, Lightowlers RN, Kirkwood TB, Mathers JC, Turnbull DM, Greaves LC (2010). "Age-associated mitochondrial DNA mutations lead to small but significant changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis in human colonic crypts". Aging Cell. 9 (1): 96–9. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00531.x. PMC 2816353. PMID 19878146.
Gremel, Gabriela; Wanders, Alkwin; Cedernaes, Jonathan; Fagerberg, Linn; Hallström, Björn; Edlund, Karolina; Sjöstedt, Evelina; Uhlén, Mathias; Pontén, Fredrik (2015-01-01). "The human gastrointestinal tract-specific transcriptome and proteome as defined by RNA sequencing and antibody-based profiling". Journal of Gastroenterology. 50 (1): 46–57. doi:10.1007/s00535-014-0958-7. ISSN 0944-1174. PMID 24789573.
"The Large Intestine (Human)". News-Medical.net. 2009-11-17. Retrieved 2017-03-15.
Martin, Loren G. (1999-10-21). "What is the function of the human appendix? Did it once have a purpose that has since been lost?". Scientific American. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
La función de la hidroterapia de colon Retrieved on 2010-01-21
Terry L. Miller; Meyer J. Wolin (1996). "Pathways of Acetate, Propionate, and Butyrate Formation by the Human Fecal Microbial Flora" (PDF). Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 62 (5): 1589–1592.
McNeil, NI (1984). "The contribution of the large intestine to energy supplies in man". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 39 (2): 338–342. doi:10.1093/ajcn/39.2.338. PMID 6320630.
lorriben (2016-07-09). "What Side is Your Appendix Located - Maglenia". Maglenia. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
Function Of The Large Intestine Archived 2013-11-05 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2010-01-21
"Absorption of Water and Electrolytes".
Yatsunenko, Tanya; et al. (2012). "Human gut microbiome viewed across age and geography". Nature. 486 (7402): 222–227.
O'Hara, Ann M., and Fergus Shanahan. "The gut flora as a forgotten organ." EMBO Reports 7.7 (2006): 688-693.
den Besten, Gijs; van Eunen, Karen; Groen, Albert K.; Venema, Koen; Reijngoud, Dirk-Jan; Bakker, Barbara M. (2013-09-01). "The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism". Journal of Lipid Research. 54 (9): 2325–2340. doi:10.1194/jlr.R036012. ISSN 0022-2275. PMC 3735932. PMID 23821742.
Murdoch, Travis B.; Detsky, Allan S. (2012-12-01). "Time to Recognize Our Fellow Travellers". Journal of General Internal Medicine. 27 (12): 1704–1706. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2105-6. ISSN 0884-8734. PMC 3509308. PMID 22588826.
Human Microbiome Project Consortium (Jun 14, 2012). "Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome". Nature. 486 (7402): 207–214. doi:10.1038/nature11234. PMC 3564958. PMID 22699609.
Bloom, Seth M.; Bijanki, Vinieth N.; Nava, Gerardo M.; Sun, Lulu; Malvin, Nicole P.; Donermeyer, David L.; Dunne, W. Michael; Allen, Paul M.; Stappenbeck, Thaddeus S. (2011-05-19). "Commensal Bacteroides species induce colitis in host-genotype-specific fashion in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease". Cell Host & Microbe. 9 (5): 390–403. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2011.04.009. ISSN 1931-3128. PMC 3241010. PMID 21575910.
Bottacini, Francesca; Ventura, Marco; van Sinderen, Douwe; O'Connell Motherway, Mary (2014-08-29). "Diversity, ecology and intestinal function of bifidobacteria". Microbial Cell Factories. 13 (Suppl 1): S4. doi:10.1186/1475-2859-13-S1-S4. ISSN 1475-2859. PMC 4155821. PMID 25186128.
Johansson, Malin E.V.; Sjövall, Henrik; Hansson, Gunnar C. (2013-06-01). "The gastrointestinal mucus system in health and disease". Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 10 (6): 352–361. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2013.35. ISSN 1759-5045. PMC 3758667. PMID 23478383.
Baxter NN, Goldwasser MA, Paszat LF, Saskin R, Urbach DR, Rabeneck L (January 2009). "Association of colonoscopy and death from colorectal cancer". Ann. Intern. Med. 150 (1): 1–8. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-1-200901060-00306. PMID 19075198. Lay summary. as PDF Archived 2012-01-18 at the Wayback Machine
Singh H, Nugent Z, Mahmud SM, Demers AA, Bernstein CN (March 2010). "Surgical resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: a systematic review of published studies". Am J Gastroenterol. 105 (3): 663–673. doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.650. PMID 19904239.
Brenner H, Hoffmeister M, Arndt V, Stegmaier C, Alterhofen L, Haug U (January 2010). "Protection from right- and left-sided colorectal neoplasms after colonoscopy: population-based study". J Natl Cancer Inst. 102 (2): 89–95. doi:10.1093/jnci/djp436. PMID 20042716.
Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kralj-Hans I, et al. (May 2010). "Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 375 (9726): 1624–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60551-X. PMID 20430429. as PDF Archived 2012-03-24 at the Wayback Machine
Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 351–354. ISBN 978-0-03-910284-5.