荣格理论的研究员和实践者伊莎贝尔·布里格斯·迈尔斯(Isabel Briggs Myers)在她非常受欢迎的迈尔斯 - 布里格斯类型指标(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)中为荣格的模型(判断与感知)增加了第四个二分法。二分法是代表对立的分歧,倾向于引导我们用一种或另一种特征来识别自己。最受欢迎的人格类型在某种程度上严重依赖于特质二分法,但这种分区存在一维性。荣格本人曾经断言任何只是内向或外向的人自然会被收入疯人院。
人格心理学家丹·麦克亚当斯(Dan P. McAdams)一直批评任何以简约主义术语理解个体的方法,特别是纯粹根据人格特质来描述一个人。实际上,人们经常与模型所处的类别相矛盾.McAdams(1995)写道:“一个人在不知道特征的情况下是不可知的。但知道特征是不够的。”他认为,“人格心理学家必须首先寻求认识人”(McAdams,1996)。
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