In Korean Soen,Inka(In'ga)通常是指从教师到学生的佛法传播的私人认可。 “传输”用于指代同一确认的公共礼仪版本。两者在权威和“实现”方面被认为是平等的。具有In'ga或公共“传播”的僧侣有资格担任Soen Sa的职位,或称为寺庙的“禅师”,并传递给他们自己的学生(无论是In'ga还是公共“传播”) )。韩国的大多数禅宗大师只接受过,只给In'ga,正式的传播仪式更为罕见。[14]
在由韩国禅宗老师Seung Sahn在美国和欧洲创立​​的Kwan Um School of Zen,一位禅师可以被称为Soen Sa Nim(“Soen”或“Son”是韩语,用于Chan或Zen)。 Seung Sahn本人通常被称为“Dae Soen Sa Nim”(尊敬的“Dae”意为“伟大的”)。[web 6] [15] [16]
Kwan Um学校的独特之处在于它清楚地区分了禅师的两个“层次”。 “较低”级别被称为Ji Do Poep Sa Nim,或称为Dharma master。 Ji Do Poep Sa Nim是一个只收到Inka的人(在公共仪式期间在Kwan Um学校举行)。他/她被允许教学,但仅限于学校内 - 如果佛法大师决定离开学校,他/她的头衔和教学权力被视为无效。 A Ji Do Poep Sa Nim也不能将Inka给其他人。
当Ji Do Poep Sa Nim从学校外的几位(通常是三位)禅宗大师“确认”他或她的认知时,他/她就有资格获得“全面”传播和禅师(Soen Sa Nim)的头衔,这是在另一个公开仪式上给出的。如果他/她决定离开学校,Soen Sa Nim可以将Inka和传播给其他人,并保持他/她的头衔和教学权限。
另见
Jisha
Jikijitsu
Sensei
Oshō
Zen ranks and hierarchy
Phil Jackson
Chinsō
参考
Book references
Bodiford & 2008 276.
Borup 2008, p. 177.
Seager 1999.
Ford 2006, p. 54.
Borup 2008, p. 13.
Boeddhistisch Dagblad, 17 April 2013, Rients Ritskes op beschuldiging: ‘Raksu formeel uitgereikt als bewijs van competent zenleiderschap’
For more information on Sokun Tsushimoto, see The Japan Times online: Caring for body and soul. Interview with Sokun Tsushimoto
Borup 2008, p. 60.
Borup 2008, p. 60-61.
Borup 2008, p. 61.
"Mugai Nyodai, First Woman to Head a Zen Order – Buddhism". Bellaonline.com. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
"Japanese Zen Master Honored by Her Followers – New York Times". The New York Times. 22 November 1998. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
"Handbook to life in medieval and ... – William E. Deal – Google Books". Google Books. Retrieved 11 November 2011.
Buswell 1992.
Daehang Sunim 2007, p. 96-97.
Kwan 2003, p. 125.
Web references
The Chinese Buddhist Schools: Chan
Muho Noelke, Part 5: Sessa-takuma - ango as life in a rock grinder
Ten points to keep in mind about dharma transmission
Muho Noelke, Part 10: What does it take to become a full-fledged Sōtō-shu priest and is it really worth the whole deal?
Buddhadharma Dictionary: Roshi
Glossary of Terms
Sources
Bodiford, William M. (2008), Dharma Transmission in Theory and Practice. In: Zen Ritual: Studies of Zen Buddhist Theory in Practice (PDF), Oxford University Press
Borup, Jørn (2008), Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism: Myōshinji, a Living Religion, Brill
Buswell, Robert (1992). The Zen Monastic Experience. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03477-X.
Clarke, Peter Bernard (2000). Japanese New Religions: In Global Perspective. Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1185-6.
Daehang Sunim (2007). No River to Cross: Trusting the Enlightenment That's Always Right Here. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-534-9.
Ford, James Ishmael (2006). Zen Master Who?: A Guide to the People and Stories of Zen. Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-509-8.
Gard, Richard A. (2007). Buddhism. Gardners Books. ISBN 0-548-07730-4.
Katagiri, Dainin (1988). Returning to Silence: Zen Practice in Daily Life. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 0-87773-431-3.
Kwan, Okyun (2003). Buddhist and Protestant Korean Immigrants: Religious Beliefs and Socioeconomic Aspects of Life. LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC. ISBN 1-931202-65-6.
Ogata, Sohaku (1975). Zen for the West. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-8371-6583-0.
Seager, Richard Hughes (1999). Buddhism In America. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10868-0.