Ian Penton-Voak及其同事(2004年)进行了首次研究这一问题的研究之一,比较了生活在英国的女性与生活在牙买加乡村的女性的面部男性偏好。他们发现牙买加女性对男性男性的偏好比英国女性更强。为了解释男性气质偏好中的这种文化差异,他们指出,牙买加农村地区患严重疾病的风险大于英国,而且牙买加农村地区男女之间的长期配对关系比英国少。他们推测,这两个因素可能会使牙买加女性更加重视男性男性的力量和健康,而不像英国女性那样重视女性男性的亲社会性。
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Little, A. C., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2010). Exposure to visual cues of pathogen contagion changes preferences for masculinity and symmetry in opposite-sex faces. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 278(1714), 2032-2039. https://royalsocietypublishing.o ... 1098/rspb.2010.1925
Li, Y., Bailey, D. H., Winegard, B., Puts, D. A., Welling, L. L., & Geary, D. C. (2014). Women’s preference for masculine traits is disrupted by images of male-on-female aggression. PloS one, 9(10), e110497. https://journals.plos.org/ploson ... ournal.pone.0110497
Scott, I. M., Clark, A. P., Boothroyd, L. G., & Penton-Voak, I. S. (2012). Do men’s faces really signal heritable immunocompetence?. Behavioral Ecology, 24(3), 579-589. https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/24/3/579/192103
Scott, I. M., Clark, A. P., Josephson, S. C., Boyette, A. H., Cuthill, I. C., Fried, R. L., ... & Honey, P. L. (2014). Human preferences for sexually dimorphic faces may be evolutionarily novel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(40), 14388-14393. https://www.pnas.org/content/111/40/14388.short
Marcinkowska, U. M., Rantala, M. J., Lee, A. J., Kozlov, M. V., Aavik, T., Cai, H., ... & Onyishi, I. E. (2019). Women’s preferences for men’s facial masculinity are strongest under favorable ecological conditions. Scientific reports, 9(1), 3387. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-39350-8
Penton-Voak, I. S., Jacobson, A., & Trivers, R. (2004). Populational differences in attractiveness judgements of male and female faces: Comparing British and Jamaican samples.Evolution and Human Behavior, 25(6), 355-370.