在电学术语中,质膜用作组合电阻器和电容器。阻力来自于膜阻碍电荷在其上移动的事实。电容起因于脂质双层如此薄以至于在一侧上带电粒子的累积产生电力,该电力将带相反电荷的粒子拉向另一侧。膜的电容相对不受嵌入其中的分子的影响,因此它具有或多或少的不变值,估计为约2μF/ cm 2(膜片的总电容与其面积成比例)。另一方面,纯脂质双层的电导率非常低,在生物学情况下,它总是由嵌入分子提供的替代途径的传导控制。因此,膜的电容或多或少是固定的,但电阻是高度可变的。
另见:
Bioelectrochemistry
Electrochemical potential
Goldman equation
Membrane biophysics
Microelectrode array
Saltatory conduction
Surface potential
Gibbs–Donnan effect
Synaptic potential
Notes
Note that the signs of ENa and EK are opposite. This is because the concentration gradient for potassium is directed out of the cell, while the concentration gradient for sodium is directed into the cell. Membrane potentials are defined relative to the exterior of the cell; thus, a potential of −70 mV implies that the interior of the cell is negative relative to the exterior.
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