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Mary Mallon(a.k.a.伤寒玛丽)是伤寒的无症状携带者。在她作为厨师的职业生涯中,她感染了53人,其中3人死亡。
大多数病原体的感染不会导致宿主死亡,并且在疾病症状消退后最终清除有害生物。[9]该过程需要免疫机制来杀死或灭活病原体的接种物。针对传染病的特异性获得性免疫可以由抗体和/或T淋巴细胞介导。这两个因素介导的免疫可能表现为:
当黑死病鼠疫在14世纪到达安达卢斯时,阿拉伯医生Ibn Khatima(约1369年)和Ibn al-Khatib(1313-1374)假设传染病是由“微小的身体”引起的,并描述了它们是如何形成的可通过服装,器皿和耳环传播。[57]在文艺复兴时期,传染的想法在欧洲变得更加流行,特别是通过写意大利医生Girolamo Fracastoro。[58] Anton van Leeuwenhoek(1632-1723)通过率先观察微生物,使细菌易于观察,推进了显微科学的发展。
在19世纪中叶,约翰·斯诺和威廉·巴德做了重要的工作,通过受污染的水来证明伤寒和霍乱的传染性。两者都被认为通过采取措施防止水污染,减少了城镇霍乱的流行。[59]路易斯巴斯德毫无疑问地证明某些疾病是由传染性病原体引起的,并为狂犬病开发了一种疫苗。 Robert Koch提供了传染病的研究,其科学基础被称为科赫的假设。 Edward Jenner,Jonas Salk和Albert Sabin开发了有效的天花和脊髓灰质炎疫苗,后来分别导致这些疾病的根除和接近根除。亚历山大·弗莱明发现了世界上第一种抗生素青霉素,后来由Florey和Chain开发。 Gerhard Domagk开发了磺胺类药物,这是第一种广谱合成抗菌药物。
另见
Bioinformatics Resource Centers for Infectious Diseases
Biological hazard
Blood-borne disease
Coinfection
Copenhagen Consensus
Cordon sanitaire
Disease diffusion mapping
Foodborne illness
Gene therapy
History of medicine
Hospital-acquired infection
Eradication of infectious diseases
Human Microbiome Project
Infection control
Isolation (health care)
List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
List of causes of death by rate
List of diseases caused by insects
List of epidemics
List of infectious diseases
Mathematical modelling of infectious disease
Membrane vesicle trafficking
Multiplicity of infection
Neglected tropical diseases
Social distancing
Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM)
Spillover infection
Threshold host density
Transmission (medicine)
Ubi pus, ibi evacua (Latin: "where there is pus, there evacuate it")
Vaccine-preventable diseases
Waterborne diseases
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