语音感知不一定是单向的。也就是说,与形态,语法或语义相关的高级语言过程可以与基本语音感知过程相互作用,以帮助识别语音。[引证需要]可能是这样的情况,它不是必要的,甚至可能是不可能的让听众在识别更高单位之前识别音素,例如单词。在一项实验中,Richard M. Warren用咳嗽声取代了一个单词的音素。他的受试者在感觉上没有任何困难地恢复了失踪的语音,更重要的是,他们无法准确识别哪个音素受到干扰。[36]
理论
感知作为直接感知
感知的认知理论假设存在刺激的贫困。这(关于感知)是声称感觉本身无法提供对世界的独特描述。[60]感觉需要“丰富”,这是心理模型的作用。一种不同类型的理论是James J. Gibson的感性生态学方法。吉布森通过拒绝感知基于感觉的概念而拒绝了刺激的贫困假设 - 相反,他调查了实际呈现给感知系统的信息。他的理论“假设在环境光学阵列中存在稳定,无界和永久的刺激信息。并且它假设视觉系统可以探索和检测这些信息。理论是基于信息的,而不是基于感觉的。”[ [61]他和在这个范例内工作的心理学家详细说明了通过将有关世界的信息合法地投射到能量阵列中,如何将世界指定给移动的,探索有机体。[62] “规范”将是世界某些方面的1:1映射到感知阵列;鉴于这种映射,不需要丰富,感知是直接的感知。[63]
感知在行动
从吉布森的早期作品中获得的对感知的生态理解是“行动中的感知”,认知是感知是动画行为的必要属性;如果没有感知,行动就会没有引导,没有行动,感知就没有任何意义。动画动作需要感知和动作,感知和动作可以被描述为“同一枚硬币的两面,硬币就是动作”。吉布森的工作原理是假设他称之为“不变量”的单一实体已经存在于现实世界中,并且感知过程所做的一切就是归结于它们。一种被称为建构主义的观点(由诸如Ernst von Glasersfeld等哲学家所持有)认为,对外部输入的感知和行动的不断调整恰恰构成了“实体”的构成,因此“实体”远非不变。[64]
另见:
Philosophy portal
Psychology portal
Action-specific perception
Alice in Wonderland syndrome
Apophenia
Change blindness
Generic views
Ideasthesia
Introspection
Model-dependent realism
Multisensory integration
Near sets
Neural correlates of consciousness
Pareidolia
Perceptual paradox
Philosophy of perception
Proprioception
Qualia
Recept
Samjñā, the Buddhist concept of perception
Simulated reality
Simulation
Visual routine
Transsaccadic memory
Binding Problem
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