行为研究的主要理论方法
Chris Argyris的行为科学
Chris Argyris的行为科学从研究人类如何在困境中设计行为开始。人类设计他们的行为以达到预期的后果,并受一组环境变量的支配。在设计动作中如何处理这些控制变量是单循环和双循环学习之间的关键差异。当行为旨在实现预期的后果并抑制关于治理变量的冲突时,通常会发生单循环学习循环。
威廉巴里生活教育理论的行为研究方法
主要文章:生活教育理论
William Barry(Atkins和Wallace,2012)定义了一种行为研究方法,侧重于创造本体论权重。[14]他将存在主义权重的观点与存在主义的基督教哲学家加布里埃尔马塞尔(1963)的行为研究结合起来。巴里受到了让·麦克尼夫和杰克·怀特黑德(2008)生活理论行为研究的用语的影响,但与怀特黑德倡导的验证过程截然相反,后者要求视频“能量流动价值”的证据和他的无神论本体论立场影响了他的观念。行为研究中的价值观。[15]
巴里解释说,生活教育理论(LET)“[它]是行为研究的一种批判性和变革性的方法。它面对研究者挑战他们教育实践的现状并回答这个问题,'我怎样才能改善我'我在干嘛?使用这种方法的研究人员必须愿意承认并承担起在其专业实践中“生活矛盾”的责任 - 以一种方式思考并在另一种方式中行事.LET行为研究者的使命是克服工作场所规范和自我行为。与研究者的价值观和信仰相矛盾.LET研究者的愿景是通过产生一种被证明可以改善社会学习空间中人们学习的教育理论,对知识做出原创性的贡献。理论有效性的判断标准是工作场所的证据。改革,研究人员的转型成长,以及人们声称已经影响到......的研究人员的改进学习......“(Atkins and Wallace,p.131)。
组织发展中的行为研究
Wendell L. French和Cecil Bell将组织发展(OD)定义为“通过行为研究改进组织”。[16]如果可以说一个想法总结了OD的基本哲学,那就是行为研究,因为它是由Kurt Lewin概念化的,后来由其他行为科学家进行了阐述和扩展。由于关注社会变革,尤其是有效,永久的社会变革,Lewin认为变革的动机与行为密切相关:如果人们积极参与影响他们的决策,他们更有可能采取新的方式。他说,“理性社会管理”是指一系列步骤,每一步都由一系列关于行为结果的规划,行为和事实调查组成。[17]
另见
Action learning
Action study
Appreciative inquiry
Design research
Learning cycle
Lesson study
Praxis intervention
Reflective practice
participatory action research
参考
Rowell, Lonnie L.; Polush, Elena Yu; Riel, Margaret; Bruewer, Aaron (2015-02-03). "Action researchers' perspectives about the distinguishing characteristics of action research: a Delphi and learning circles mixed-methods study". Educational Action Research. 23 (2): 243–270. doi:10.1080/09650792.2014.990987.
Margaret Riel ([email protected]). "Center for Collaborative Action Research". cadres.pepperdine.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
Fine, Michelle (2018). Just Research in Contentious Times: Widening the Methodological Imagination. Teacher College Press.
"11: Action Research Journals | Home | Action Research Tutorials - CCAR". ccar-tutorials. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
"Practitioner Research". Social Publishers Foundation. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
"Resources | Understanding Action Research | Tutorials". ccar-tutorials. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
"Resources | Understanding Action Research | Tutorials". ccar-tutorials. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
Handbook of action research : participative inquiry and practice. Reason, Peter., Bradbury, Hilary. London: SAGE. 2001. ISBN 978-0761966456. OCLC 50303325.
McNiff, J; Whitehead, J. (2005). All you need to know about action research. London, UK: London, UK: Sage. pp. 3–5.
Torbert, William R. (1981). "Why Educational Research Has Been So Uneducational: The Case for a New Model of Social Science Based on Collaborative Inquiry". In Reason, P.; Rowan, J. (eds.). Human Inquiry. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. pp. 141–151. ISBN 978-0471279365.
"Home | Action Research Tutorials - CCAR". ccar-tutorials. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
"Center for Collaborative Action Research- Action Research with technology, Pepperdine University". cadres.pepperdine.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
Margaret Riel ([email protected]). "Center for Collaborative Action Research". cadres.pepperdine.edu. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
Barry, W.J. (2012). Is Modern American Education Promoting a Sane Society? International Journal of Science, Vol. 2, 69–81
Barry, W.J., (2012). How can I improve my life-affirming, need-fulfilling, and performance enhancing capacity to understand and model the meaning of educational quality? PhD. Nottingham Trent University (published thesis)
Wendell L French; Cecil Bell (1973). Organization development: behavioral science interventions for organization improvement. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-13-641662-3. OCLC 314258.
Kurt Lewin (1958). Group Decision and Social Change. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 201.
Richard Arvid Johnson (1976). Management, systems, and society : an introduction. Pacific Palisades, Calif.: Goodyear Pub. Co. pp. 222–224. ISBN 978-0-87620-540-2. OCLC 2299496.
Bibliography
General sources
Atkins, L & Wallace, S. (2012). Qualitative Research in Education. London: Sage Publications.
Burns, D. 2007. Systemic Action Research: A strategy for whole system change. Bristol: Policy Press.
Burns, D. 2015. Navigating complexity in international development: Facilitating sustainable change at scale. Rugby: Practical Action
Davison, R., Martinsons, M., & Kock, N. (2004). Principles of canonical action research[dead link]. Information Systems Journal, 14(1), 65-86.
Greenwood, D. J. & Levin, M., Introduction to action research: social research for social change, Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1998.
Greenwood, D. J. & Levin, M., Introduction to action research. Second edition, Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications,2007.
James, E. Alana; Milenkiewicz, Margaret T.; Bucknam, Alan. Participatory Action Research for Educational Leadership: Using Data-Driven Decision Making to Improve Schools. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4129-3777-1
Noffke, S. & Somekh, B. (Ed.) (2009) The SAGE Handbook of Educational Action Research. London: SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4129-4708-4.
Pine, Gerald J. (2008). Teacher Action Research: Building Knowledge Democracies, Sage Publications.
Reason & Bradbury, Handbook of Action Research, 2nd Edition. London: Sage, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4129-2029-2.
Reason, P. & Bradbury, H., (Ed.) The SAGE Handbook of Action Research. Participative Inquiry and Practice. 1st Edition. London: Sage, 2001. ISBN 0-7619-6645-5.
Rowell, L., Bruce, C., Shosh, J. M., & Riel, M. (2017). The Palgrave international handbook of action research. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sherman & Torbert, Transforming Social Inquiry, Transforming Social Action: New paradigms for crossing the theory/practice divide in universities and communities. Boston, Kluwer, 2000.
Silverman, Robert Mark, Henry L. Taylor, Jr. and Christopher G. Crawford. 2008. "The Role of Citizen Participation and Action Research Principles in Main Street Revitalization: An Analysis of a Local Planning Project," Action Research 6(1): 69-93.
Sagor, R. (2010). Collaborative Action Research for Professional. Learning Communities. Bloomington: Solution Tree Press.
Stringer, E.T. (1999). Action research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Wood, L., Zuber-Skerritt, O. (2013). PALAR as a methodology for community engagement by faculties of education. South African Journal of Education , 33, 1–15.
Wood, L. (2017) Community development in higher education: how do academics ensure their community-based research makes a difference? Community Development Journal, Volume 52, Issue 4, Pages 685–701, https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bsv068
Zuber-Skerritt, O., & Wood, L. (2019). Action Learning and Action Research: Genres and Approaches" Emerald (UK).
Woodman & Pasmore, Research in Organizational Change & Development series. Greenwich CT: Jai Press
Exemplars and methodological discussions of action research
Argyris, C. 1970. Intervention Theory and Method. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
Argyris, C. 1980. Inner Contradictions of Rigorous Research. San Diego CA: Academic Press.
Argyris, C. 1994. Knowledge for Action. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass.
Cameron, K. & Quinn, R. 1999. Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
Center for Collaborative Action Research (2018) Action Research Tutorials
Denscombe M. 2010. Good Research Guide : For small-scale social research projects (4th Edition). Open University Press. Berkshire, GBR. ISBN 978-0-3352-4138-5
Dickens, L., Watkins, K. 1999. Management Learning, Action Research: Rethinking Lewin. Vol. 30, Issue 2, pp. 127-140. <https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507699302002>
Freire, P. 1970. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder & Herder.
Garreau, J. 2005. Radical Evolution: The promise and peril of enhancing our minds, our bodies – and what it means to be human. New York: Doubleday.
Heikkinen, H., Kakkori, L. & Huttunen, R. 2001. This is my truth, tell me yours: some aspects of action research quality in the light of truth theories. Educational Action Research 1/2001.
Heron, J. 1996. Cooperative Inquiry: Research into the human condition. London: Sage.
Kemmis, Stephen and McTaggart Robin (1982) The action research planner. Geelong: Deakin University.
Kemmis, Stephen, McTaggart, Robin and Nixon, Rhonda (2014) The action research planner. Doing critical participatory action research. Springer.
Marcel, G. (1963) Existential Background of Human Dignity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
McNiff, J. & Whitehead, J. (2006) All You Need To Know About Action Research, London; Sage.
Ogilvy, J. 2000. Creating Better Futures: Scenario planning as a tool for a better tomorrow. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press.
Reason, P. & Rowan, J. 1981. Human Inquiry: A Sourcebook of New Paradigm Research. London: Wiley.
Reason, P. 1995. Participation in Human Inquiry. London: Sage.
Schein, E. 1999. Process Consultation Revisited. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.
Senge, P., Scharmer, C., Jaworski, J., & Flowers, B. 2004. Presence: Human purpose and the field of the future. Cambridge MA: Society for Organizational Learning.
Susman G.I. and Evered R.D., 1978. Administrative Science Quarterly, An Assessment of the Scientific Merits of Action Research. Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 582–603 JSTOR 2392581
Torbert, W. & Associates 2004. Action Inquiry: The Secret of Timely and Transforming Leadership.
First-person research/practice exemplars
Bateson, M. 1984. With a Daughter's Eye: A Memoir of Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson. New York: Plume/Penguin.
Center for Collaborative Action Research (2005-2017) community or organizational examples of action research, educational k-12 examples of action research
Cuomo, N. (1982). Handicaps 'gravi' a scuola - interroghiamo l'esperienza. Bologna: Nuova Casa Editrice L. Capelli.
Cuomo, N. (2007). Verso una scuola dell'emozione di conoscere. Il futuro insegnante, insegnante del futuro. Pisa: Edizioni ETS.
Harrison, R. 1995. Consultant's Journey. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Raine, N. 1998. After Silence: Rape and My Journey Back. New York: Crown.
Todhunter, C. 2001. Undertaking Action Research: Negotiating the Road Ahead, Social Research Update, Issue 34, Autumn.
Some philosophical sources of action research
Abram, D. 1996. The Spell of the Sensuous. New York: Vintage.
Argyris, C. Putnam, R. & Smith, D. 1985. Action Science: Concepts, methods and skills for research and intervention. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Gadamer, H. 1982. Truth and Method. New York: Crossroad.
Habermas, J. 1984/1987. The Theory of Communicative Action, Vol.s I & II. Boston:Beacon.
Hallward, P. 2003. Badiou: A subject to truth. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lewin, G.W. (Ed.) (1948). Resolving social conflicts. New York, NY: Harper & Row. (Collection of articles by Kurt Lewin)
Lewin, K. (1946) Action research and minority problems. J Soc. Issues 2(4): 34-46.
Malin, S. 2001. Nature Loves to Hide: Quantum physics and the nature of reality, a Western perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McNiff, J. (2013) Action Research: Principles and practice. New York: Routledge.
Polanyi, M. 1958. Personal Knowledge. New York: Harper.
Senge, P. 1990. The Fifth Discipline. New York: Doubleday Currency.
Torbert, W. 1991. The Power of Balance: Transforming Self, Society, and Scientific Inquiry
Varela, F., Thompson, E. & Rosch E. 1991. The Embodied Mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Whitehead, J. & McNiff, J. (2006) Action Research Living Theory, London; Sage. ISBN 978-1-4129-0855-9.
Wilber, K. 1998. The Marriage of Sense and Soul: Integrating science and religion. New York: Random House
Zuber-Skerritt, O., & Wood, L. (2019). Action Learning and Action Research: Genres and Approaches" Emerald (UK).
Scholarly journals
Action Research
ALAR: Action Research and Action Learning Journal
Educational Action Research
International Journal for Transformative Research
Journal of Applied Behavioral Science
Journal of Organizational Change Management
Management Learning
Systemic Practice and Action Research
Action Research Networks
More information about most of these networks can be found in the International Handbook of Action Research.
ALARA - Action Learning, Action Research Association- Established in Australia in the 1980s they support both regional, national and world conferences.
AR SIG, AERA -The American Educational Research Assoc, Special Interest Group in Action Research is another beneficial group to join. They have been working hard to develop the community of action research within AERA, the nation's most significant association of educational researchers.
ARNA - The Action Research Network of the Americas is a relatively new and rapidly growing community that supports action researchers in the Americas and beyond. They have Action Research Communities (ARCs) to join in an area of interest.
CARN - The Collaborative Action Research Network was established in 1975; CARN has been a guiding force in the development of action research in Europe and other parts of the world.
CARPED- Centre for Action Research and People's Development has 25 years of experience in action research, working with tribes & people in remote areas of India for the comprehensive development of children.
CeCAR Centre for Collective Action Research - focuses on one of the most pressing challenges of today: Large-Scale Collective Action (LSCA). This is a challenge that needs to be addressed in order to overcome most of our current social, environmental and health problems.
CLAYSS - The Latin American Center for Service Learning, founded in 2002 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, contributes to "the growth of a fraternal and participative culture in Latin America through the development of educational social engagement projects".
PEP - Pedagogy, Education and Praxis - cross-institutional research program
PRIA - Participatory Action Research in Asia- supports action research for strengthening civil society with democratic participation, self-government, and empowerment of local communities.