参考:
"Largest appendix removed". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
Golalipour, M.J.; Arya, B.; Jahanshahi, M.; Azarhoosh, R. (2003). "Anatomical Variations Of Vermiform Appendix In South-East Caspian Sea (Gorgan-IRAN)" (PDF). J. Anat. Soc. India. Retrieved 1 October 2014.[permanent dead link]
"Unusual Types of Twins". Multiples of America. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
Gedda L, Sciacca A, Brenci G, et al. (1984). "Situs viscerum specularis in monozygotic twins". Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma). 33 (1): 81–5. doi:10.1017/S0001566000007546. PMID 6540028.
Paterson-Brown, S. (2007). "15. The acute abdomen and intestinal obstruction". In Parks, Rowan W.; Garden, O. James; Carter, David John; Bradbury, Andrew W.; Forsythe, John L. R. (eds.). Principles and practice of surgery (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-443-10157-1.
Clegg-Lamptey JN, Armah H, Naaeder SB, Adu-Aryee NA (2006). "Position and susceptibility to inflammation of vermiform appendix in Accra, Ghana". East Afr Med J. 83 (12): 670–3. PMID 17685212.
Bakheit MA, Warille AA (1999). "Anomalies of the vermiform appendix and prevalence of acute appendicitis in Khartoum". East Afr Med J. 76 (6): 338–40. PMID 10750522.
Ghorbani A, Forouzesh M, Kazemifar AM (2014). "Variation in Anatomical Position of Vermiform Appendix among Iranian Population: An Old Issue Which Has Not Lost Its Importance". Anat Res Int. 2014: 1–4. doi:10.1155/2014/313575. PMC 4176911. PMID 25295193.
Denjalić A, Delić J, Delić-Custendil S, Muminagić S (2009). "[Variations in position and place of formation of appendix vermiformis found in the course of open appendectomy]". Med Arh (in Bosnian). 63 (2): 100–1. PMID 19537667.
Zetina-Mejía CA, Alvarez-Cosío JE, Quillo-Olvera J (2009). "Congenital absence of the cecal appendix. Case report". Cir Cir. 77 (5): 407–10. PMID 19944032.
Kumar, Vinay; Robbins, Stanley L.; Cotran, Ramzi S. (1989). Robbins' pathologic basis of disease (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 902–3. ISBN 978-0-7216-2302-3.
Associated Press. "Scientists may have found appendix's purpose". MSNBC, 5 October 2007. Accessed 17 March 2009.
Bollinger, R.R.; Barbas, A.S.; Bush, E.L.; Lin, S.S.; Parker, W. (21 December 2007). "Biofilms in the large bowel suggest an apparent function of the human vermiform appendix". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 249 (4): 826–831. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.08.032. ISSN 0022-5193. PMID 17936308.
Sonnenburg J.L.; Angenent L.T.; Gordon J.I. (June 2004). "Getting a grip on things: how do communities of bacterial symbionts become established in our intestine?". Nat. Immunol. 5 (6): 569–73. doi:10.1038/ni1079. PMID 15164016.
Everett M.L.; Palestrant D.; Miller S.E.; Bollinger R.R.; Parker W. (2004). "Immune exclusion and immune inclusion: a new model of host-bacterial interactions in the gut". Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews. 5 (5): 321–32. doi:10.1016/j.cair.2004.03.001.
Dunn, Rob. "Your Appendix Could Save Your Life". Retrieved 22 December 2016.
Zahid, Aliya (2004-04-01). "The vermiform appendix: not a useless organ". Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan: JCPSP. 14 (4): 256–258. ISSN 1022-386X. PMID 15228837.
Rankin, Lucille C.; Girard-Madoux, Mathilde J. H.; Seillet, Cyril; Mielke, Lisa A.; Kerdiles, Yann; Fenis, Aurore; Wieduwild, Elisabeth; Putoczki, Tracy; Mondot, Stanislas (2016-02-01). "Complementarity and redundancy of IL-22-producing innate lymphoid cells". Nature Immunology. 17 (2): 179–186. doi:10.1038/ni.3332. ISSN 1529-2908. PMC 4720992. PMID 26595889.
Research, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical (2016-08-19). "Lucille Rankin". Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research. Retrieved 2016-11-02.
"Appendix disorders Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatments and Causes". Wrongdiagnosis.com. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
"Statistics about Appendix disorder". Wrongdiagnosis.com. Retrieved 2010-05-19.
Miller R., Kenneth; Levine, Joseph (2002). Biology. Prentice Hall. pp. 92–98. ISBN 978-0-13-050730-3.
Mingin G.C.; Baskin L.S. (2003). "Surgical management of the neurogenic bladder and bowel". Int Braz J Urol. 29 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1590/S1677-55382003000100012. PMID 15745470.
"Wellington Children's Hospital : Caring for an ACE or Chait Tube : Healthpoint". Retrieved 22 December 2016.
Smith H. F.; Fisher R. E.; Everett M. L.; Thomas A. D.; Bollinger, R. R.; Parker W. (2009). "Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic distribution of the mammalian cecal appendix". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22 (10): 1984–1999. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01809.x. PMID 19678866.
Smith H. F.; Parker W.; Kotzé, S. H.; Laurin, M. (2013). "Multiple independent appearances of the cecal appendix in mammalian evolution and an investigation of related ecological and anatomical factors". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 12 (6): 339–354. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.12.001.
Laurin M.; Everett, M.L.; Parker W. (2011). "The cecal appendix: one more immune component with a function disturbed by post-industrial culture". Anatomical Record. 294 (4): 567–579. doi:10.1002/ar.21357. PMID 21370495.
Evolution of the Appendix: A Biological 'Remenant' No More; By Duke Medicine News and Communications; Published: 20 August 2009 Updated: 21 August 2009, http://www.dukehealth.org/health ... cal_remnant_no_more