另见:
Fourth trochanter
Notes
Lozanoff, Sciulli & Schneider 1985
Bolanowski et al. 2005
In modern humans, the gluteal tuberosity is occasionally replaced by a shallow groove known as the hypotrochanteric fossa. In some cases, this fossa coexists with the third trochanter.
Lovejoy et al. 2009
参考:
Bolanowski, Wojciech; Śmiszkiewicz-Skwarska, Alicja; Polguj, Michał; Jędrzejewski, Kazimierz S (2005). "The occurrence of the third trochanter and its correlation to certain anthropometric parameters of the human femur" (PDF). Folia Morphol. 64 (3): 168–175.
Lovejoy, C Owen; Suwa, Gen; Spurlock, Linda; Asfaw, Berhane; White, Tim D (October 2009). "The Pelvis and Femur of Ardipithecus ramidus: The Emergence of Upright Walking" (PDF). Science. 326 (5949): 71, 71e1–71e6. doi:10.1126/science.1175831.
Lozanoff, Scott; Sciulli, Paul W; Schneider, Kim N (December 1985). "Third trochanter incidence and metric trait covariation in the human femur". J Anat. 143 (143): 149–159. PMC 1166433. PMID 3870721.