引流和清创很容易通过胸腔镜完成,但用安全的支撑物封闭缺损是有问题的。看来,污染最小的小缺陷基本上可以成功地修复。较大的缺陷已通过T管修复,并取得了良好的效果。内窥镜下支架置入术结合大桶清理和引流术也被描述。据报道,在三分之二的长期存活者中,约70%的患者接受了最终支架取出(Tuebergen et al. 2008)。然而,其他人报道了射孔组的高再手术率和泄漏率(Pennathur et al. 2008;因此,目前还没有确定这些技术的绝对实用价值。进一步的技术改进可能导致更少的泄漏和更少的支架迁移。
参考:
Richardson JD. In: Schein M, Marshall J (eds), Source Control: A Guide to the Management of Surgical Infections. Springer, Berlin, 2002, Chap 20, p 197.
Schein's Common Sense Emergency Abdominal Surgery
Pennathur A, Chang AC, McGrath KM, et al. Polyflex expandable stents in the treatment of esophageal disease: initial experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;85:1968–1973.
Tuebergen D, Rijcken E, Mennigen R, Hopkins AM, Senninger N, Bruewer M. Treatment of thoracic esophageal anastomotic leaks and esophageal perforations with endoluminal stents: efficacy and current limitations. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:1168–1176.
Zisis C, Guillin A, Heyries L, et al. Stent placement in the management of oesophageal leaks.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;33:541–556.