现代人工授精由宾夕法尼亚州立大学的John O. Almquist开创。他通过使用抗生素(1946年首次用青霉素证明)来控制细菌生长,降低胚胎死亡率和提高生育率,从而提高了育种效率。这种以及加工,冷冻和解冻冷冻精液的各种新技术显着提高了禽类在畜牧业中的实际利用率,并为他赢得了1981年沃尔夫基金会农业奖。[32]他开发的许多技术已经应用于其他物种,包括人类。
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