Sheela na演出是裸体女性的比喻雕刻,显示夸张的外阴。它们存在于古代和中世纪的欧洲背景中。它们在许多教堂中展示,但它们的起源和意义是值得商榷的。一个主要思路是它们被用来抵御邪恶的灵魂。另一种观点认为,sheela na gig是分娩时的神圣助手。[145] [146] Starr Goode特别探讨了Sheela na gig和Baubo图像的图像和可能含义,但也写了全世界反复出现的图像。通过数百张照片,她展示了展示她的外阴的女性形象并不是欧洲宗教艺术或建筑的特征,而是在视觉艺术和女神和女英雄的神话叙事中找到相似的图像,分开他们的大腿来揭示什么她称之为“神圣的力量”。她的理论是“图像根植于我们的心灵,似乎图标是人类想象力的原始宇宙中心。”[147]
L'Origine du monde,古斯塔夫·库尔贝的油画
由古斯塔夫·库尔贝(Gustave Courbet)于1866年绘制的L'Origine du monde(“世界的起源”)是一部早期的现实主义外阴画,仅在多年后才被展出。[148]
参考:
This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1264 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
Tortora, Gerard J; Derrickson, Bryan (2008). Principles of anatomy and physiology (12th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. pp. 1107–1110. ISBN 9780470233474.
Tortora, Gerard J; Anagnostakos, Nicholas P (1987). Principles of anatomy and physiology (5th ed.). New York: Harper & Row. pp. 727–728. ISBN 978-0060466695.
"Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System · Anatomy and Physiology". Phil Schatz.com.
New Oxford American Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2011. The rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint of the pubic bones, in women typically more prominent and also called the mons veneris.
Hennekam, RC; Allanson, JE; Biesecker, LG; Carey, JC; Opitz, JM; Vilain, E (June 2013). "Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the external genitalia". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 161A (6): 1238–63. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.35934. PMC 4440541. PMID 23650202.
Marshall, WA; Tanner, JM (June 1969). "Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 44 (235): 291–303. doi:10.1136/adc.44.235.291. PMC 2020314. PMID 5785179.
"Standing panel 3". Gynodiversity. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
Pocock, Gillian; Richards, Christopher D. (2006). Human physiology : the basis of medicine (3rd. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 438. ISBN 9780198568780.
Tortora, Gerard J; Derrickson, Bryan (2008). Principles of anatomy and physiology (12th ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. pp. 235–236. ISBN 9780470233474.
Burrows (7 October 2009). 100 Questions & Answers About Vulvar Cancer and Other Diseases of the Vulva and Vagina. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 9781449630911. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Neill, Sallie; Lewis, Fiona (6 July 2009). Ridley's The Vulva. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781444316698. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
Young, Barbra; Lowe, James S; Stevens, Alan; Heath, John W; Deakin, Philip J (March 2006). Wheater's Functional Histology (5th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 175–178. ISBN 978-0-443-06850-8.
King, Bruce M. (1996). Human sexuality today (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. pp. 24–28. ISBN 978-0130149947.
Fahmy, Mohamed (27 November 2014). Rare Congenital Genitourinary Anomalies: An Illustrated Reference Guide. Springer. ISBN 9783662436806. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
O'Connell, HE; Sanjeevan, KV; Hutson, JM (October 2005). "Anatomy of the clitoris". The Journal of Urology. 174 (4 Pt 1): 1189–95. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000173639.38898.cd. PMID 16145367.
"'The Great Wall Of Vagina' Is, Well, A Great Wall Of Vaginas (NSFW)". Huffington Post. HuffPost. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Wilkinson, Edward J. (2012). Wilkinson and Stone Atlas of Vulvar Disease (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 187–188. ISBN 9781451132182.
Lee, MY; Dalpiaz, A; Schwamb, R; Miao, Y; Waltzer, W; Khan, A (May 2015). "Clinical Pathology of Bartholin's Glands: A Review of the Literature". Current Urology. 8 (1): 22–5. doi:10.1159/000365683. PMC 4483306. PMID 26195958.
Zaviacic M, Ablin RJ (January 2000). "The female prostate and prostate-specific antigen. Immunohistochemical localization, implications of this prostate marker in women and reasons for using the term "prostate" in the human female". Histol. Histopathol. 15 (1): 131–42. PMID 10668204.
Raizada, V; Mittal, RK (September 2008). "Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology". Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 37 (3): 493–509, vii. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2008.06.003. PMC 2617789. PMID 18793993.
Maclean, Allan; Reid, Wendy (2011). "40". In Shaw, Robert (ed.). Gynaecology. Edinburgh New York: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. 599–612. ISBN 978-0-7020-3120-5.
Puppo, V (January 2013). "Anatomy and physiology of the clitoris, vestibular bulbs, and labia minora with a review of the female orgasm and the prevention of female sexual dysfunction". Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.). 26 (1): 134–52. doi:10.1002/ca.22177. PMID 23169570.
Albert, Daniel (2012). Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary (32nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 140. ISBN 9781416062578.
Albert, Daniel (2012). Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary (32nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 2043. ISBN 9781416062578.
"Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes — Medical Definition". www.medilexicon.com. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
Albert, Daniel (2012). Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary (32nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 1256–1257. ISBN 9781416062578.
Oakley, SH; Mutema, GK; Crisp, CC; Estanol, MV; Kleeman, SD; Fellner, AN; Pauls, RN (September 2013). "Innervation and histology of the clitoral-urethal complex: a cross-sectional cadaver study". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 10 (9): 2211–8. doi:10.1111/jsm.12230. PMID 23809460.
Albert, Daniel (2012). Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary (32nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 1255. ISBN 9781416062578.
Yucel, S; De Souza A, Jr; Baskin, LS (July 2004). "Neuroanatomy of the human female lower urogenital tract". The Journal of Urology. 172 (1): 191–5. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000128704.51870.87. PMID 15201770.
"Clinical Case - Perineum & External Genitalia". The University of Michigan. 27 February 2009. Archived from the original on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
Hoffman, Barbara; et al. (2011). Williams gynecology (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 794–806. ISBN 9780071716727.
Chung, Kyung Won (2005). Gross anatomy (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-7817-5309-8.
Sadler, T. (2010). Langman's medical embryology (11th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 253–258. ISBN 9780781790697.
Larsen, William J. (2001). Human embryology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 284–288. ISBN 978-0443065835.
"Hormonal effects in newborns: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". MedlinePlus. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Puppo, V (January 2011). "Embryology and anatomy of the vulva: the female orgasm and women's sexual health". European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 154 (1): 3–8. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.08.009. PMID 20832160.
"NHS Direct Wales - Encyclopaedia : Labial fusion". NHS Direct Wales. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
Campbell, Neil (1990). Biology (2nd ed.). Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. pp. 939–946. ISBN 978-0805318005.
Hall, John E (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology (12th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 993–1000. ISBN 9781416045748.
"Secondary Characteristics". hu-berlin.de. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
Ibáñez, L; Potau, N; Dunger, D; de Zegher, F (2000). "Precocious pubarche in girls and the development of androgen excess". Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism. 13 Suppl 5: 1261–3. PMID 11117666.
"Sweating and body odor: Causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
"Pheromones Sex attraction" (PDF). Retrieved 1 March 2018.
Lloyd, Jillian (May 2005). "Female genital appearance: 'normality' unfolds". British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 112 (5): 643–646. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.585.1427. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00517.x. PMID 15842291.
Pocock, Gillian; Richards, Christopher D. (2006). Human physiology : the basis of medicine (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 446. ISBN 9780198568780.
Vanessa Ngan (2002). "Vulval and vaginal problems in prepubertal females". DermNet NZ. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
Goldstein, S. (2004). Pediatric and adolescent gynecology (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 120–155. ISBN 978-0781744935.
Hall, John, E (2011). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology (12th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 1008–1014. ISBN 9781416045748.
Faubion, Stephanie S.; Sood, Richa; Kapoor, Ekta (December 2017). "Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Management Strategies for the Clinician; Concise Review for Physicians". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 92 (12): 1842–1849. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.08.019. PMID 29202940.
"Definition of SMEGMA". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
Fox, Kent M.; Van De Graaff, Stuart Ira (1989). Concepts of human anatomy and physiology (2nd ed.). Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Brown Publishers. pp. 958–963. ISBN 978-0697056757.
Basson, R (January–March 2000). "The female sexual response: a different model". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 26 (1): 51–65. doi:10.1080/009262300278641. PMID 10693116.
"Thrush in men and women". NHS UK. 9 January 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
Mastromarino, Paola; Vitali, Beatrice; Mosca, Luciana (2013). "Bacterial vaginosis: a review on clinical trials with probiotics" (PDF). New Microbiologica. 36 (3): 229–238. PMID 23912864.
Rimoin, Lauren P.; Kwatra, Shawn G.; Yosipovitch, Gil (2013). "Female-specific pruritus from childhood to postmenopause: clinical features, hormonal factors, and treatment considerations". Dermatologic Therapy. 26 (2): 157–167. doi:10.1111/dth.12034. ISSN 1396-0296. PMID 23551372.
"Vaginitis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
"Pubic Hair Removal - Shaving". Palo Alto Medical Foundation. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
Panagiotopoulou, N; Wong, CS; Winter-Roach, B (April 2010). "Vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 30 (3): 226–30. doi:10.3109/01443610903477572. PMID 20373919.
Schlosser, BJ (May–June 2010). "Lichen planus and lichenoid reactions of the oral mucosa". Dermatologic Therapy. 23 (3): 251–67. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2010.01322.x. PMID 20597944.
"CDC - What Are the Symptoms of Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers?". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Leone, PA (1 April 2007). "Scabies and pediculosis pubis: an update of treatment regimens and general review". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 44 Suppl 3: S153–9. doi:10.1086/511428. PMID 17342668.
"Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Fact sheet N°110". WHO. November 2013. Archived from the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
"safe sex | Definition of safe sex in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
"Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed)". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2 November 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
"STD Facts - Gonorrhea". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
Milner, Danny A. (3 June 2015). Diagnostic Pathology: Infectious Diseases E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323400374.
"Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer". WHO. June 2016. Archived from the original on 5 August 2016.
"Genital Herpes – CDC Fact Sheet". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 9 February 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Zweizig, Susan; Korets, Sharmilee; Cain, Joanna M. (2014). "Key concepts in management of vulvar cancer". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 28 (7): 959–966. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.001. ISSN 1521-6934. PMID 25151473.
Stock, I (August 2013). "[Molluscum contagiosum--a common but poorly understood "childhood disease" and sexually transmitted illness]". Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur Pharmazeuten. 36 (8): 282–90. PMID 23977728.
"Risk Factors - Molluscum Contagiosum". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
de Waaij, DJ; Dubbink, JH; Ouburg, S; Peters, RPH; Morré, SA (8 October 2017). "Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection and protozoan load in South African women: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open. 7 (10): e016959. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016959. PMC 5640031. PMID 28993385.
"STD Facts - Trichomoniasis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
"About vulval cancer". Cancer Research UK. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
"Types of vulval cancer". Cancer Research UK. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
Fuh, KC; Berek, JS (February 2012). "Current management of vulvar cancer". Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 26 (1): 45–62. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2011.10.006. PMID 22244661.
Hillemanns, P; Wang, X; Staehle, S; Michels, W; Dannecker, C (February 2006). "Evaluation of different treatment modalities for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN): CO(2) laser vaporization, photodynamic therapy, excision and vulvectomy". Gynecologic Oncology. 100 (2): 271–5. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.08.012. PMID 16169064.
Amanda Oakley (2011). "Labial adhesion in prepubertal girls". Hamilton, New Zealand: DermNet NZ. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
Feldhaus-Dahir, M (2011). "The causes and prevalence of vestibulodynia: A vulvar pain disorder". Urologic Nursing. 31 (1): 51–4. doi:10.7257/1053-816X.2012.31.1.51. PMID 21542444.
Bergeron, S; Binik, YM; Khalifé, S; Pagidas, K (March 1997). "Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome: a critical review". The Clinical Journal of Pain. 13 (1): 27–42. doi:10.1097/00002508-199703000-00006. PMID 9084950.
Barret, Maximilien; de Parades, Vincent; Battistella, Maxime; Sokol, Harry; Lemarchand, Nicolas; Marteau, Philippe (2014). "Crohn's disease of the vulva". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. 8 (7): 563–570. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2013.10.009. ISSN 1873-9946. PMID 24252167.
Stewart, KMA (September 2017). "Challenging Ulcerative Vulvar Conditions: Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Crohn Disease, and Aphthous Ulcers". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 44 (3): 453–473. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2017.05.009. PMID 28778643.
Talmant, JC; Bruant-Rodier, C; Nunziata, AC; Rodier, JF; Wilk, A (February 2006). "[Squamous cell carcinoma arising in Verneuil's disease: two cases and literature review]". Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthetique. 51 (1): 82–6. doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2005.11.002. PMID 16488526.
Kim, SH; Seo, SH; Ko, HC; Kwon, KS; Kim, MB (February 2009). "The use of dermatoscopy to differentiate vestibular papillae, a normal variant of the female external genitalia, from condyloma acuminate". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 60 (2): 353–5. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.08.031. PMID 19150287.
Weigle, N; McBane, S (1 May 2013). "Psoriasis". American Family Physician. 87 (9): 626–33. PMID 23668525.
Dudley, Lynn M; Kettle, Christine; Ismail, Khaled MK; Dudley, Lynn M (2013). "Secondary suturing compared to non-suturing for broken down perineal wounds following childbirth" (PDF). Cochrane Database Syst Rev (9): CD008977. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008977.pub2. PMID 24065561.
Finn, Martha; Bowyer, Lucy; Carr, Sandra; O'Connor, Vivienne; Vollenhoven, Beverley (2005). Women's Health: A Core Curriculum. Australia: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7295-3736-0.
King, Bruce (1996). Human sexuality today (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. p. 178. ISBN 978-0130149947.
"Perineal Trauma: Assessment and Repair". the women's. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
Lefebvre, A.; Saliou, P.; Lucet, J.C.; Mimoz, O.; Keita-Perse, O.; Grandbastien, B.; Bruyère, F.; Boisrenoult, P.; Lepelletier, D.; Aho-Glélé, L.S. (2015). "Preoperative hair removal and surgical site infections: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Journal of Hospital Infection. 91 (2): 100–108. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2015.06.020. ISSN 0195-6701. PMID 26320612.
Basevi, Vittorio; Lavender, Tina; Basevi, Vittorio (2014). "Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour". Reviews (11): CD001236. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001236.pub2. PMID 25398160.
"genitoplasty". TheFreeDictionary. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Wong, CS; Bhimji, SS (January 2018). "Labiaplasty, Labia Minora Reduction". PMID 28846226.
Munro, Donald. "Trans Media Watch". Trans Media Watch. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Carroll, Lynne; Mizock, Lauren (7 February 2017). Clinical Issues and Affirmative Treatment with Transgender Clients, An Issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 9780323510042. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
Bourke, Emily (12 November 2009). "Designer vagina craze worries doctors". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
Liao, Lih Mei; Sarah M Creighton (24 May 2007). "Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: how should healthcare providers respond?". BMJ. 334 (7603): 1090–1092. doi:10.1136/bmj.39206.422269.BE. PMC 1877941. PMID 17525451. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2007). "Vaginal "Rejuvenation" and Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures" (PDF): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2008.
Tignol, J; Martin-Guehl, C; Aouizerzate, B (January 2012). "[Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)]". Presse Médicale. 41 (1): e22–35. doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2011.05.021. PMID 21831574.
"Rwandan Women View The Elongation Of Their Labia As Positive". Medical News Today. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
"Jan Nederveen Pieterse, Wit over zwart · dbnl". DBNL (in Dutch). Retrieved 28 March 2018.
Martínez Pérez, G; Mubanga, M; Tomás Aznar, C; Bagnol, B (2015). "Zambian Women in South Africa: Insights Into Health Experiences of Labia Elongation". Journal of Sex Research. 52 (8): 857–67. doi:10.1080/00224499.2014.1003027. PMID 26147362.
Audet, CM; Blevins, M; Cherry, CB; González-Calvo, L; Green, AF; Moon, TD (May 2017). "Understanding intra-vaginal and labia minora elongation practices among women heads-of-households in Zambézia Province, Mozambique". Culture, Health & Sexuality. 19 (5): 616–629. doi:10.1080/13691058.2016.1257739. PMC 5460297. PMID 27921861.
"Health and beauty: vaginal practices: Indonesia (Yogyakarta), Mozambique (Tete), South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), and Thailand (Chonburi)" (PDF). World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
Tschachler, Heinz; Devine, Maureen; Draxlbauer, Michael (2003). The EmBodyment of American Culture. Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag. pp. 61–62. ISBN 978-3-8258-6762-1.
Rowen TS; Gaither TW; Awad MA; Osterberg E; Shindel AW; Breyer BN (October 2016). "Pubic Hair Grooming Prevalence and Motivation Among Women in the United States" (PDF). JAMA Dermatology. 152 (10): 1106–1113. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.2154. ISSN 2168-6068. PMID 27367465.
Farage, Miranda A.; Maibach, Howard I. (19 April 2016). The Vulva: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology. CRC Press. ISBN 9781420005318. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
Helen Bickmore; Milady's Hair Removal Techniques: A Comprehensive Manual; Thomson Delmar Learning; 2003; ISBN 1-4018-1555-3
Ismail, Buyukcelebi (2003). Living in the Shade of Islam: A Comprehensive Reference of Theory and Practice. Tughra Books. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-932-09921-8.
"Can selfish lovers ever give as good as they get? Plus, the perks of piercings and how to get her to hurry up already". MSNBC. 4 December 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
Millner, Vaughn S.; Eichold, Bernard H.; Sharpe, Thomasina H.; Lynn, Sherwood C. (2005). "First glimpse of the functional benefits of clitoral hood piercings". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 193 (3): 675–676. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.130. PMID 16150259. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
"VCH Piercings, by Elayne Angel, Seite 16-17, The Official Newsletter of The Association of Professional Piercers" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
Vieira-Baptista, Pedro; Almeida, Gutemberg; Bogliatto, Fabrizio; Bohl, Tanja Gizela; Burger, Matthé; Cohen-Sacher, Bina; Gibbon, Karen; Goldstein, Andrew; Heller, Debra (July 2018). "International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease Recommendations Regarding Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 22 (4): 415–434. doi:10.1097/lgt.0000000000000412. ISSN 1526-0976. PMID 29994815.
Clark-Flory, Tracy (17 February 2013). "The "labia pride" movement: Rebelling against the porn aesthetic, women are taking to the Internet to sing the praises of "endowed" women". Salon.com. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
Sourdès, Lucile (21 February 2013). "Révolution vulvienne: Contre l'image de la vulve parfaite, elles se rebellent sur Internet". Rue89. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
"Female genital mutilation". World Health Organization. 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
"Vulva | Define Vulva at Dictionary.com".
"vulva - Search Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
Dictionaries, Oxford (10 May 2012). Paperback Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199640942. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
"Women's problems in early 1800s". Bronwen Evans. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
Balayla, J (June 2011). "Male physicians treating Female patients: Issues, Controversies and Gynecology". McGill Journal of Medicine : MJM : An International Forum for the Advancement of Medical Sciences by Students. 13 (1): 72. PMC 3296153. PMID 22399872.
"vulva | Search Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
For slang terms for the vulva, see WikiSaurus:female genitalia — the WikiSaurus list of synonyms and slang words for female genitalia in many languages.
A Dictionary of First Names (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. Pet form of Frances, very popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, but now much rarer
Silverton, Peter (2011). Filthy English: The How, Why, When And What Of Everyday Swearing. Granta Publications. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-84627-452-7. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
Rosewarne, Lauren (2013). American Taboo: The Forbidden Words, Unspoken Rules, and Secret Morality of Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-0-313-39934-3. While pussy as a euphemism for vagina is very common in popular parlance, Mrs Slocombe was actually talking about her pet cat. In this context, the use of pussy works as a double entendre rather than as a euphemism.
Jeffries, Stuart (2008). Mrs Slocombe's Pussy: Growing Up in Front of the Telly. Flamingo. Mrs Slocombe's pussy changed all that.[...]It was funny, surely, because it dissolved that secret source of female power into a double entendre.
"pussy | Definition of pussy in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English.
"fanny | Definition of fanny in English by Oxford Dictionaries". Oxford Dictionaries | English.
Hollander, Anne (22 March 1993). Seeing Through Clothes. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520082311.
"vagina | Synonyms of vagina by Oxford Dictionaries Thesaurus". Oxford Dictionaries | %{language.}
"What are the parts of the female sexual anatomy?". Planned Parenthood. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
Dening, Sarah (1996). "Chapter 3: Sex in Ancient Civilizations". The Mythology of Sex. London, England: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-02-861207-2.
Leick, Gwendolyn (2013) [1994]. Sex and Eroticism in Mesopotamian Literature. New York: Routledge. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-134-92074-7.
Ceccarelli, Manuel (2016). Enki und Ninmah: Eine mythische Erzählung in sumerischer Sprache. Orientalische Relionen in der Antik. 16. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck. p. 21. ISBN 978-3-16-154278-7.
Launderville, Dale (2010). Celibacy in the Ancient World: Its Ideal and Practice in Pre-Hellenistic Israel, Mesopotamia, and Greece. A Michael Glazier Book. Collegeville, Maryland: Liturgical Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-8146-5734-8.
Black, Jeremy; Green, Anthony (1992). Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary. The British Museum Press. pp. 150–152. ISBN 978-0-7141-1705-8.
"Yoni". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
"Yoni". Yoni - Oxford Reference. Oxford University Press. January 2009. doi:10.1093/acref/9780198610250.001.0001. ISBN 9780198610250. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
Flood, Gavin D. (13 July 1996). An Introduction to Hinduism. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521438780. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
"Mudra Photo Gallery". Retrieved 18 March 2018.
University of Southern California. "The Prophet of Islam – His Biography". Archived from the original on 21 July 2006. Retrieved 12 August 2006.
Tate, Karen (1 January 2006). Sacred Places of Goddess: 108 Destinations. San Francisco: Consortium of Collective Consciousness Publishing. p. 166. ISBN 9781888729115.
Camphausen, Rufus (1996). The Yoni, Sacred Symbol of Female Creative Power. Vermont: Inner Traditions. Bear & Company. p. 134. ISBN 9780892815623.
Freitag, Barbara (2004). Sheela-na-gigs: Unravelling an Enigma. Psychology Press. ISBN 9780415345521. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
Andersen, Jørgen (1977). The witch on the wall : medieval erotic sculpture in the British isles. Copenhagen: Roskilde & Bagger. ISBN 978-87-423-0182-1.
Goode, Staff (2016). Sheela na gig: The Dark Goddess of Sacred Power. Inner Traditions. ISBN 9781620555958. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
"Musée d'Orsay: Gustave Courbet The Origin of the World". Musée d'Orsay. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
McCurry, Justin (15 July 2014). "Vagina selfie for 3D printers lands Japanese artist in trouble". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
Woodman, Judy Chicago; photography by Donald (2007). The dinner party : from creation to preservation. London: Merrell Publishers. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-85894-370-1.
McCartney, Jamie (2011). The great wall of vagina. Brighton: Jamie McCartney. ISBN 978-0956878502.