严重的CRS或细胞因子风暴可发生在许多传染性和非传染性疾病中,包括移植物抗宿主病(GVHD),急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),败血症,埃博拉,禽流感,天花和全身性炎症反应综合征(SIRS)。[7]吞噬细胞的淋巴组织细胞增生和与爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒相关的吞噬细胞的淋巴组织细胞增生是由细胞因子的极端升高引起的,可以看作是严重的细胞因子释放综合征的一种形式。[8]细胞因子风暴也可能由某些药物引起,例如CD20抗体利妥昔单抗和CD19 CAR T细胞Tisagenlecleucel。一期试验中的六名参与者服用实验药物TGN1412引起极为严重的症状。[4]
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