参考文献
Marks, Jay W.; Anand, Bhupinder. "Colon Polyps: Symptoms, Causes, Cancer Risk, Treatment, and Prevention". Colon polyps center. MedicineNet. Retrieved 18 Jan 2020.
Phillips, Michael M.; Zieve, David; Conaway, Brenda (September 25, 2019). "Colorectal polyps". Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. Retrieved 18 Jan 2020.
"Colon polyps". Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Retrieved 18 Jan 2020.
Quick CR, Reed JB, Harper SJ, Saeb-Parsy K, Burkitt HG (2014). Essential Surgery: Problems, Diagnosis and Management. Edinburgh: Elsevier. ISBN 9780702054839. OCLC 842350865.[page needed]
Classen, Meinhard; Tytgat, G.N.J.; Lightdale, Charles J. (2002). Gastroenterological Endoscopy. Thieme. p. 303. ISBN 1-58890-013-4.
Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. (2015). Sabiston Textbook of Surgery E-Book (19th ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4377-1560-6 – via Google Books (Preview).
Valle L, de Voer RM, Goldberg Y, Sjursen W, Försti A, Ruiz-Ponte C, Caldés T, Garré P, Olsen MF, Nordling M, Castellvi-Bel S, Hemminmki K (October 2019). "Update on genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer and polyposis". Molecular Aspects of Medicine. Elsevier. 69: 10 (abstract) – via Science Direct.
Najjia N. Mahmoud, Joshua I.S. Bleier, Cary B. Aarons, E. Carter Paulson, Skandan Shanmugan and Robert D. Fry (2017). Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. Elsevier.[page needed]
Finlay A Macrae. "Overview of colon polyps". UpToDate. This topic last updated: Dec 10, 2018.
Robert V Rouse (2010-01-31). "Hyperplastic Polyp of the Colon and Rectum". Stanford University School of Medicine. Last updated 6/2/2015
Minhhuyen Nguyen. "Polyps of the Colon and Rectum". MSD Manual. Last full review/revision June 2019
Robert V Rouse. "Adenoma of the Colon and Rectum". Original posting/last update : 1/31/10, 1/19/14
Bosman, F. T. (2010). WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 92-832-2432-9. OCLC 688585784.
Amersi, Farin; Agustin, Michelle; Ko, Clifford Y (2005). "Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Health Services". Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery. 18 (03): 133–140. doi:10.1055/s-2005-916274. ISSN 1531-0043.
Alnoor Ramji. "Villous Adenoma Follow-up". Medscape. Updated: Oct 24, 2016
Rosty, C; Hewett, D. G.; Brown, I. S.; Leggett, B. A.; Whitehall, V. L. (2013). "Serrated polyps of the large intestine: Current understanding of diagnosis, pathogenesis, and clinical management". Journal of Gastroenterology. 48 (3): 287–302. doi:10.1007/s00535-012-0720-y. PMC 3698429. PMID 23208018.
Kumar, Vinay (2010). "17—Polyps". Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5.
Stoler, Mark A.; Mills, Stacey E.; Carter, Darryl; Joel K Greenson; Reuter, Victor E. (2009). Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-7942-1.[page needed]
Calva, Daniel; Howe, James R (2008). "Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes". Surgical Clinics of North America. 88 (4): 779–817, vii. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2008.05.002. PMC 2659506. PMID 18672141.
Summers, Ronald M (2010). "Polyp Size Measurement at CT Colonography: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?". Radiology. 255 (3): 707–20. doi:10.1148/radiol.10090877. PMC 2875919. PMID 20501711.
Luis Bujanda Fernández de Piérola, Joaquin Cubiella Fernández, Fernando Múgica Aguinaga, Lander Hijona Muruamendiaraz and Carol Julyssa Cobián Malaver (2013). "Malignant Colorectal Polyps: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis". Colonoscopy and Colorectal Cancer Screening: Future Directions. doi:10.5772/52697. ISBN 9789535109495. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
Hattori, Santa (2014). "Narrow-band imaging observation of colorectal lesions using NICE classification to avoid discarding significant lesions". World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 6 (12): 600. doi:10.4253/wjge.v6.i12.600. ISSN 1948-5190.
Tantamango, Yessenia M; Knutsen, Synnove F; Beeson, W. Lawrence; Fraser, Gary; Sabate, Joan (2011). "Foods and Food Groups Associated with the Incidence of Colorectal Polyps: The Adventist Health Study". Nutrition and Cancer. 63 (4): 565–72. doi:10.1080/01635581.2011.551988. PMC 3427008. PMID 21547850.
Hoff, RT; Lakha, A (1 February 2020). "Rectal Tubulovillous Adenoma". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 120 (2): 121. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2020.024. PMID 31985762.
"How I Do It" – Removing large or sessile colonic polyps. Archived 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine Brian Saunders; St. Mark’s Academic Institute; Harrow, Middlesex, UK. Retrieved April 9, 2008.