参考文献
"Gastric Cancer Treatment (PDQ)". NCI. 17 April 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.4. ISBN 978-9283204299.
Chang AH, Parsonnet J (October 2010). "Role of bacteria in oncogenesis". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 23 (4): 837–57. doi:10.1128/CMR.00012-10. PMC 2952975. PMID 20930075.
González CA, Sala N, Rokkas T (September 2013). "Gastric cancer: epidemiologic aspects". Helicobacter. 18 (Suppl 1): 34–8. doi:10.1111/hel.12082. PMID 24011243.
"Stomach (Gastric) Cancer Prevention (PDQ)". NCI. 27 February 2014. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
Orditura M, Galizia G, Sforza V, Gambardella V, Fabozzi A, Laterza MM, Andreozzi F, Ventriglia J, Savastano B, Mabilia A, Lieto E, Ciardiello F, De Vita F (February 2014). "Treatment of gastric cancer". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 20 (7): 1635–49. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1635. PMC 3930964. PMID 24587643.
"Cancer of the Stomach - Cancer Stat Facts". SEER. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
"がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計:[国立がん研究センター がん登録・統計]". ganjoho.jp. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
Bray, F; Ferlay, J; Soerjomataram, I; Siegel, RL; Torre, LA; Jemal, A (November 2018). "Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 68 (6): 394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492. PMID 30207593.
"Stomach (Gastric) Cancer". NCI. January 1980. Archived from the original on 4 July 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
Ruddon, Raymond W. (2007). Cancer biology (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 223. ISBN 9780195175431. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015.
Sim, edited by Fiona; McKee, Martin (2011). Issues in public health (2nd ed.). Maidenhead: Open University Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780335244225. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016.
Wagner AD, Syn NL, Moehler M, Grothe W, Yong WP, Tai BC, Ho J, Unverzagt S (August 2017). "Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8: CD004064. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004064.pub4. PMC 6483552. PMID 28850174.
Stathis, A; Bertoni, F; Zucca, E (September 2010). "Treatment of gastric marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 11 (13): 2141–52. doi:10.1517/14656566.2010.497141. PMID 20586708.
"Chapter 1.1". World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. ISBN 978-9283204299.
Hochhauser, Jeffrey Tobias, Daniel (2010). Cancer and its management (6th ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 259. ISBN 9781444306378. Archived from the original on 15 September 2015.
Khleif, Edited by Roland T. Skeel, Samir N. (2011). Handbook of cancer chemotherapy (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolter Kluwer. p. 127. ISBN 9781608317820. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015.
Joseph A Knight (2010). Human Longevity: The Major Determining Factors. Author House. p. 339. ISBN 9781452067223. Archived from the original on 16 September 2015.
Moore, edited by Rhonda J.; Spiegel, David (2004). Cancer, culture, and communication. New York: Kluwer Academic. p. 139. ISBN 9780306478857.
"Statistics and outlook for stomach cancer". Cancer Research UK. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
"Guidance on Commissioning Cancer Services Improving Outcomes in Upper Gastro-intestinal Cancers" (PDF). NHS. January 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2012.
Lee YY, Derakhshan MH (June 2013). "Environmental and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Gastric Cancer" (PDF). Archives of Iranian Medicine. 16 (6): 358–65. PMID 23725070. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
Chandanos E, Lagergren J (November 2008). "Oestrogen and the enigmatic male predominance of gastric cancer". European Journal of Cancer. 44 (16): 2397–403. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.031. PMID 18755583.
Qin J, Liu M, Ding Q, Ji X, Hao Y, Wu X, Xiong J (October 2014). "The direct effect of estrogen on cell viability and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells". Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 395 (1–2): 99–107. doi:10.1007/s11010-014-2115-2. PMID 24934239.
"Proceedings of the fourth Global Vaccine Research Forum" (PDF). Initiative for Vaccine Research team of the Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. WHO. April 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer…
Hatakeyama M, Higashi H (December 2005). "Helicobacter pylori CagA: a new paradigm for bacterial carcinogenesis". Cancer Science. 96 (12): 835–43. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00130.x. PMID 16367902.
"Developing a vaccine for the Epstein-Barr Virus could prevent up to 200,000 cancers globally say experts". Cancer Research UK. 24 March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
"What Are The Risk Factors For Stomach Cancer(Website)". American Cancer Society. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
Nomura A, Grove JS, Stemmermann GN, Severson RK (November 1990). "Cigarette smoking and stomach cancer". Cancer Research. 50 (21): 7084. PMID 2208177.
Trédaniel J, Boffetta P, Buiatti E, Saracci R, Hirsch A (August 1997). "Tobacco smoking and gastric cancer: review and meta-analysis". International Journal of Cancer. 72 (4): 565–73. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970807)72:4<565::AID-IJC3>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 9259392.
Thrumurthy SG, Chaudry MA, Hochhauser D, Mughal M (November 2013). "The diagnosis and management of gastric cancer". BMJ. 347 (16): f6367. doi:10.1136/bmj.f6367. PMID 24191271.
Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M (August 2000). "Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life?". Thyroid. 10 (8): 727–9. doi:10.1089/10507250050137851. PMID 11014322.
Theodoratou E, Timofeeva M, Li X, Meng X, Ioannidis JP (August 2017). "Nature, Nurture, and Cancer Risks: Genetic and Nutritional Contributions to Cancer". Annual Review of Nutrition (Review). 37: 293–320. doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-051004. PMC 6143166. PMID 28826375.
Jakszyn P, Gonzalez CA (July 2006). "Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 12 (27): 4296–303. doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i27.4296. PMC 4087738. PMID 16865769.
Alonso-Amelot ME, Avendaño M (March 2002). "Human carcinogenesis and bracken fern: a review of the evidence". Current Medicinal Chemistry. 9 (6): 675–86. doi:10.2174/0929867023370743. PMID 11945131. Archived from the original on 6 October 2011.
Buckland G, Agudo A, Luján L, Jakszyn P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Palli D, Boeing H, Carneiro F, Krogh V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Nesi G, Manjer J, Regnér S, Johansson I, Stenling R, Sanchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Quirós JR, Allen NE, Key TJ, Bingham S, Kaaks R, Overvad K, Jensen M, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Ocké MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Morois S, Boutron-Ruault MC, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Lund E, Couto E, Boffeta P, Jenab M, Riboli E, Romaguera D, Mouw T, González CA (February 2010). "Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 91 (2): 381–90. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28209. PMID 20007304.
Crew KD, Neugut AI (January 2006). "Epidemiology of gastric cancer". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 12 (3): 354–62. doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i3.354. PMC 4066052. PMID 16489633.
Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB (August 2005). "Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications". Annals of Internal Medicine. 143 (3): 199–211. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-143-3-200508020-00006. PMID 16061918.
Josefssson, M.; Ekblad, E. (2009). "22. Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) in Gastric Mucosa: Gastric Iodide Secretion". In Preedy, Victor R.; Burrow, Gerard N.; Watson, Ronald (eds.). Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Elsevier. pp. 215–220. ISBN 978-0-12-374135-6.
Venturi, Sebastiano (2011). "Evolutionary Significance of Iodine". Current Chemical Biology. 5 (3): 155–162. doi:10.2174/187231311796765012. ISSN 1872-3136.
Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M, Grossi L, Guidi A (January 2000). "Role of iodine in evolution and carcinogenesis of thyroid, breast and stomach". Advances in Clinical Pathology. 4 (1): 11–7. PMID 10936894.
"Hereditary Diffuse Cancer". No Stomach for Cancer. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
"Gastric Cancer — Adenocarcinoma". International Cancer Genome Consortium. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
"Gastric Cancer — Intestinal- and diffuse-type". International Cancer Genome Consortium. Archived from the original on 7 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
Brooks-Wilson AR, Kaurah P, Suriano G, Leach S, Senz J, Grehan N, Butterfield YS, Jeyes J, Schinas J, Bacani J, Kelsey M, Ferreira P, MacGillivray B, MacLeod P, Micek M, Ford J, Foulkes W, Australie K, Greenberg C, LaPointe M, Gilpin C, Nikkel S, Gilchrist D, Hughes R, Jackson CE, Monaghan KG, Oliveira MJ, Seruca R, Gallinger S, Caldas C, Huntsman D (July 2004). "Germline E-cadherin mutations in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: assessment of 42 new families and review of genetic screening criteria". Journal of Medical Genetics. 41 (7): 508–17. doi:10.1136/jmg.2004.018275. PMC 1735838. PMID 15235021.
Tseng CH, Tseng FH (February 2014). "Diabetes and gastric cancer: the potential links". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 20 (7): 1701–11. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1701. PMC 3930970. PMID 24587649.
Crosby DA, Donohoe CL, Fitzgerald L, Muldoon C, Hayes B, O'Toole D, Reynolds JV (2004). "Gastric neuroendocrine tumours". Digestive Surgery. 29 (4): 331–48. doi:10.1159/000342988. PMID 23075625.
Kim J, Cheong JH, Chen J, Hyung WJ, Choi SH, Noh SH (June 2004). "Menetrier's disease in korea: report of two cases and review of cases in a gastric cancer prevalent region" (PDF). Yonsei Medical Journal. 45 (3): 555–60. doi:10.3349/ymj.2004.45.3.555. PMID 15227748.
Tsukamoto T, Mizoshita T, Tatematsu M (2006). "Gastric-and-intestinal mixed-type intestinal metaplasia: aberrant expression of transcription factors and stem cell intestinalization". Gastric Cancer. 9 (3): 156–66. doi:10.1007/s10120-006-0375-6. PMID 16952033.
Virmani V, Khandelwal A, Sethi V, Fraser-Hill M, Fasih N, Kielar A (August 2012). "Neoplastic stomach lesions and their mimickers: spectrum of imaging manifestations". Cancer Imaging. 12: 269–78. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0031. PMC 3458788. PMID 22935192.
Xu ZQ, Broza YY, Ionsecu R, Tisch U, Ding L, Liu H, Song Q, Pan YY, Xiong FX, Gu KS, Sun GP, Chen ZD, Leja M, Haick H (March 2013). "A nanomaterial-based breath test for distinguishing gastric cancer from benign gastric conditions". British Journal of Cancer. 108 (4): 941–50. doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.44. PMC 3590679. PMID 23462808. Lay summary – Medical News Today (6 March 2013).
Amal H, Leja M, Funka K, Skapars R, Sivins A, Ancans G, Liepniece-Karele I, Kikuste I, Lasina I, Haick H (March 2016). "Detection of precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer through exhaled breath". Gut. 65 (3): 400–7. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308536. PMID 25869737.
Inoue H, Kudo SE, Shiokawa A (January 2005). "Technology insight: Laser-scanning confocal microscopy and endocytoscopy for cellular observation of the gastrointestinal tract". Nature Clinical Practice. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2 (1): 31–7. doi:10.1038/ncpgasthep0072. PMID 16265098.
Pentenero M, Carrozzo M, Pagano M, Gandolfo S (July 2004). "Oral acanthosis nigricans, tripe palms and sign of leser-trélat in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma". International Journal of Dermatology. 43 (7): 530–2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02159.x. PMID 15230897.
Kumar; et al. (2010). Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 784. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5.
Kumar 2010, p. 786
Burkitt MD, Duckworth CA, Williams JM, Pritchard DM (February 2017). "Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric pathology: insights from in vivo and ex vivo models". Disease Models & Mechanisms. 10 (2): 89–104. doi:10.1242/dmm.027649. PMC 5312008. PMID 28151409.
Qu Q, Xuan W, Fan GH (January 2015). "Roles of resolvins in the resolution of acute inflammation". Cell Biology International. 39 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1002/cbin.10345. PMID 25052386.
Lim JS, Yun MJ, Kim MJ, Hyung WJ, Park MS, Choi JY, Kim TS, Lee JD, Noh SH, Kim KW (2006). "CT and PET in stomach cancer: preoperative staging and monitoring of response to therapy". Radiographics. 26 (1): 143–56. doi:10.1148/rg.261055078. PMID 16418249.
"Detailed Guide: Stomach Cancer Treatment Choices by Type and Stage of Stomach Cancer". American Cancer Society. 3 November 2009. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009.
Guy Slowik (October 2009). "What Are The Stages Of Stomach Cancer?". ehealthmd. Archived from the original on 2 January 2010.
"Detailed Guide: Stomach Cancer: How Is Stomach Cancer Staged?". American Cancer Society. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008.
Paterson HM, McCole D, Auld CD (May 2006). "Impact of open-access endoscopy on detection of early oesophageal and gastric cancer 1994 – 2003: population-based study". Endoscopy. 38 (5): 503–7. doi:10.1055/s-2006-925124. PMID 16767587.
Crane SJ, Locke GR, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Romero Y, Talley NJ (October 2008). "Survival trends in patients with gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas: a population-based study". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 83 (10): 1087–94. doi:10.4065/83.10.1087. PMC 2597541. PMID 18828967.
Heise K, Bertran E, Andia ME, Ferreccio C (April 2009). "Incidence and survival of stomach cancer in a high-risk population of Chile". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 15 (15): 1854–62. doi:10.3748/wjg.15.1854. PMC 2670413. PMID 19370783.
Ford AC, Forman D, Hunt RH, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P (May 2014). "Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". BMJ. 348: g3174. doi:10.1136/bmj.g3174. PMC 4027797. PMID 24846275.
Woo HD, Park S, Oh K, Kim HJ, Shin HR, Moon HK, Kim J (2014). "Diet and cancer risk in the Korean population: a meta- analysis" (PDF). Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 15 (19): 8509–19. doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8509. PMID 25339056. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2015.
Kong P, Cai Q, Geng Q, Wang J, Lan Y, Zhan Y, Xu D (2014). "Vitamin intake reduce the risk of gastric cancer: meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized and observational studies". PLOS ONE. 9 (12): e116060. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k6060K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116060. PMC 4280145. PMID 25549091.
Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (July 2008). "Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD004183. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004183.pub3. PMID 18677777.
Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud LL, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (March 2012). "Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Submitted manuscript). 3 (3): CD007176. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2. hdl:10138/136201. PMID 22419320.
Wadhwa R, Taketa T, Sudo K, Blum MA, Ajani JA (June 2013). "Modern oncological approaches to gastric adenocarcinoma". Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 42 (2): 359–69. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2013.01.011. PMID 23639645.
Chen K, Xu XW, Zhang RC, Pan Y, Wu D, Mou YP (August 2013). "Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopy-assisted and open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 19 (32): 5365–76. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i32.5365. PMC 3752573. PMID 23983442.
Pretz JL, Wo JY, Mamon HJ, Kachnic LA, Hong TS (July 2013). "Chemoradiation therapy: localized esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer". Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America. 22 (3): 511–24. doi:10.1016/j.soc.2013.02.005. PMID 23622077.
Meza-Junco J, Au HJ, Sawyer MB (March 2011). "Critical appraisal of trastuzumab in treatment of advanced stomach cancer". Cancer Management and Research. 3: 57–64. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S12698. PMC 3085240. PMID 21556317.
Best LM, Mughal M, Gurusamy KS (March 2016). "Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3: CD011389. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011389.pub2. PMC 6769173. PMID 27030300.
Syn NL, Wee I, Shabbir A, Kim G, So JB (December 2018). "Pouch Versus No Pouch Following Total gastrectomy: Meta-analysis of Randomized and Non-randomized Studies". Annals of Surgery. Publish Ahead of Print: 1. doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000003082. PMID 30571657.
Sun J, Song Y, Wang Z, Chen X, Gao P, Xu Y, Zhou B, Xu H (December 2013). "Clinical significance of palliative gastrectomy on the survival of patients with incurable advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (PDF). BMC Cancer. 13 (1): 577. doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-577. PMC 4235220. PMID 24304886. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2014.
Scartozzi M, Galizia E, Verdecchia L, Berardi R, Antognoli S, Chiorrini S, Cascinu S (April 2007). "Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: across the years for a standard of care". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 8 (6): 797–808. doi:10.1517/14656566.8.6.797. PMID 17425475.
Fusco N, Rocco EG, Del Conte C, Pellegrini C, Bulfamante G, Di Nuovo F, Romagnoli S, Bosari S (June 2013). "HER2 in gastric cancer: a digital image analysis in pre-neoplastic, primary and metastatic lesions". Modern Pathology. 26 (6): 816–24. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.228. PMID 23348899.
Cabebe, EC; Mehta, VK; Fisher, G, Jr (21 January 2014). Talavera, F; Movsas, M; McKenna, R; Harris, JE (eds.). "Gastric Cancer". Medscape Reference. WebMD. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2014.
"The stomach cancer proteome – The Human Protein Atlas". proteinatlas.org.
Uhlen M, Zhang C, Lee S, Sjstedt E, Fagerberg L, Bidkhori G, Benfeitas R, Arif M, Liu Z, Edfors F, Sanli K, von Feilitzen K, Oksvold P, Lundberg E, Hober S, Nilsson P, Mattsson J, Schwenk JM, Brunnstrm H, Glimelius B, Sjblom T, Edqvist PH, Djureinovic D, Micke P, Lindskog C, Mardinoglu A, Ponten F (August 2017). "A pathology atlas of the human cancer transcriptome". Science. 357 (6352): eaan2507. doi:10.1126/science.aan2507. PMID 28818916.
Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P (2005). "Global cancer statistics, 2002". Ca. 55 (2): 74–108. doi:10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74. PMID 15761078.
"Are the number of cancer cases increasing or decreasing in the world?". WHO Online Q&A. WHO. 1 April 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 11 May 2009.
World Cancer Report 2014. International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization. 2014. ISBN 978-92-832-0432-9.
Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, et al. (December 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30050819. PMID 23245604.
"PRESS RELEASE N° 224 Global battle against cancer won't be won with treatment alone: Effective prevention measures urgently needed to prevent cancer crisis" (PDF). World Health Organization. 3 February 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
"Gastric Cancer in Young Adults". Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia. 46 (3). July 2000. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009.
"Health profile: United States". Le Duc Media. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
"Health profile: China". Le Duc Media. Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
"Stomach Cancer: Death Rate Per 100,000". Le Duc Media. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
"Stomach cancer statistics". Cancer Research UK. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
Asombang AW, Rahman R, Ibdah JA (April 2014). "Gastric cancer in Africa: current management and outcomes". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 20 (14): 3875–9. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3875. PMC 3983443. PMID 24833842.
Louw JA, Kidd MS, Kummer AF, Taylor K, Kotze U, Hanslo D (December 2001). "The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection, the virulence genotypes of the infecting strain and gastric cancer in the African setting". Helicobacter. 6 (4): 268–73. doi:10.1046/j.1523-5378.2001.00044.x. PMID 11843958.
Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG, eds. (2001). Small Animal Clinical Oncology (3rd ed.). W.B. Saunders.