由于胆汁的顺行流动,胆道上皮紧密连接和粘膜免疫球蛋白A(IgA),通常保护胆道树免受感染。当来自十二指肠的细菌以逆行方式穿过壶腹时,就会发生细菌漏菌,这是无症状的CBDS患者的常见发现。胆汁淤积症并发细菌感染时会发生胆管炎,而阻塞性CBDS迄今为止是胆管炎的最常见原因。 CBD内的正常压力为7–14 cm H2O。当压力增加到> 20 cm H2O时,细菌细胞和毒素会穿过胆管上皮转移到全身循环中,从而引起败血性休克。胆管炎的危险因素包括糖尿病,年龄> 70岁和最近在胆道外感染。
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