胆囊结石症通常同时出现在有症状的胆石症或胰腺炎患者中。胆石症可以并发胰腺炎和急性胆管炎。这些患者可能患有严重的胆管炎,可能需要紧急减压。急性胆管炎主要是由细菌感染引起的。细菌从十二指肠升起,最终进入门静脉系统,最终进入全身循环。当正常的屏障机能失调或被破坏时,由于阻塞引起的胆汁淤积,细菌能够在胆管系统中壮成长。胆道阻塞导致胆道内压力升高(正常胆道压力范围为5至15 cm H2O),导致胆管的通透性增加,从而使细菌和/或毒素向全身循环转移。发烧和发冷的全身症状是由于细菌转移到平行于胆管系统的静脉和淋巴系统而引起的菌血症。
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