参考
Quick, Clive R. G.; Reed, Joanna B.; Harper, Simon J. F.; Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh; Deakin, Philip J. (2013). Essential Surgery E-Book: Problems, Diagnosis and Management: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 281. ISBN 9780702054839.
"Gallstones". NIDDK. November 2013. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
Lee, JY; Keane, MG; Pereira, S (June 2015). "Diagnosis and treatment of gallstone disease". The Practitioner. 259 (1783): 15–9, 2. PMID 26455113.
Ansaloni, L (2016). "2016 WSES guidelines on acute calculous cholecystitis". World Journal of Emergency Surgery : WJES. 11: 25. doi:10.1186/s13017-016-0082-5. PMC 4908702. PMID 27307785.
Internal Clinical Guidelines Team (October 2014). "Gallstone Disease: Diagnosis and Management of Cholelithiasis, Cholecystitis and Choledocholithiasis. Clinical Guideline 188": 101. PMID 25473723.
"Complications". nhs.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
"Treatment for Gallstones". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. November 2017.
editors, Ronnie A. Rosenthal, Michael E. Zenilman, Mark R. Katlic (2011). Principles and practice of geriatric surgery (2nd ed.). Berlin: Springer. p. 944. ISBN 9781441969996. Archived from the original on 2016-08-15.
Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, Collaborators (22 August 2015). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 386 (9995): 743–800. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4. PMC 4561509. PMID 26063472.
GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (10 January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
Acalovschi, Monica; Blendea, Dan; Feier, Cristina; Letia, Alfred I.; Raitu, Nadia; Dumitrascu, Dan L.; Veres, Adina (2003). "Risk factors for symptomatic gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control study". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 98 (8): 1856–1860. PMID 12907344.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (2007). "Gallstones" (PDF). Bethesda, Maryland: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-05. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
Heuman DM, Mihas AA, Allen J (2010). "Cholelithiasis". Omaha, Nebraska: Medscape (WebMD). Archived from the original on 2010-11-20. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
"Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination". emedicine.medscape. Archived from the original on 2016-11-14. Retrieved 2016-11-14.
Fitzgerald JE, Fitzgerald LA, Maxwell-Armstrong CA, Brooks AJ (2009). "Recurrent gallstone ileus: time to change our surgery?". Journal of Digestive Diseases. 10 (2): 149–151. doi:10.1111/j.1751-2980.2009.00378.x. PMID 19426399.
Roizen MF and Oz MC, Gut Feelings: Your Digestive System, pp. 175–206 in Roizen and Oz (2005)
Koppisetti, Sreedevi; Jenigiri, Bharat; Terron, M. Pilar; Tengattini, Sandra; Tamura, Hiroshi; Flores, Luis J.; Tan, Dun-Xian; Reiter, Russel J. (2008). "Reactive Oxygen Species and the Hypomotility of the Gall Bladder as Targets for the Treatment of Gallstones with Melatonin: A Review". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 53 (10): 2592–603. doi:10.1007/s10620-007-0195-5. PMID 18338264.
Ortega RM, Fernández-Azuela M, Encinas-Sotillos A, Andrés P, López-Sobaler AM (1997). "Differences in diet and food habits between patients with gallstones and controls". Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 16 (1): 88–95. doi:10.1080/07315724.1997.10718655. PMID 9013440. Archived from the original on 2008-07-20. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
Medicine, Institute of; Board, Food Nutrition; Intakes, Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference; Water, Panel on Dietary Reference Intakes for Electrolytes and (2005). 4 Water | Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate | The National Academies Press. p. 124. doi:10.17226/10925. ISBN 978-0-309-09169-5.
Tsai, C.-J.; Leitzmann, M. F.; Willett, W. C.; Giovannucci, E. L. (2005-06-01). "Dietary carbohydrates and glycaemic load and the incidence of symptomatic gall stone disease in men". Gut. 54 (6): 823–828. doi:10.1136/gut.2003.031435. ISSN 1468-3288. PMC 1774557. PMID 15888792.
Misciagna, Giovanni; Leoci, Claudio; Guerra, Vito; Chiloiro, Marisa; Elba, Silvana; Petruzzi, José; Mossa, Ascanio; Noviello, Maria R.; Coviello, Angelo; Minutolo, Marino Capece; Mangini, Vito; Messa, Caterina; Cavallini, Aldo; Michele, Giampiero De; Giorgio, Italo (1996). "Epidemiology of cholelithiasis in southern Italy. Part II". European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 8 (6): 585–93. doi:10.1097/00042737-199606000-00017. PMID 8823575.
Choices, NHS. "Should you lose weight fast? - Live Well—NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2016-02-16.
Commissioner, Office of the. "Safety Information—Xenical (orlistat) capsules". www.fda.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 2016-06-18.
Wang HH, Liu M, Li X, Portincasa P, Wang DQ (2017). "Impaired intestinal cholecystokinin secretion, a fascinating but overlooked link between celiac disease and cholesterol gallstone disease". Eur J Clin Invest (Review). 47 (4): 328–333. doi:10.1111/eci.12734. PMID 28186337.
Trotman, Bruce W.; Bernstein, Seldon E.; Bove, Kevin E.; Wirt, Gary D. (1980). "Studies on the Pathogenesis of Pigment Gallstones in Hemolytic Anemia". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 65 (6): 1301–8. doi:10.1172/JCI109793. PMC 371467. PMID 7410545.
Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders: Cutaneous Porphyrias, pp. 63–220 in Beers, Porter and Jones (2006)
Thunell S (2008). "Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders: Cutaneous Porphyrias". Whitehouse Station, New Jersey: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
M. A. Cahan, M. A.; L. Balduf; K. Colton; B. Palacioz; W. McCartney; T. M. Farrell (2006). "Proton pump inhibitors reduce gallbladder function". Surgical Endoscopy. 20 (9): 1364–1367. doi:10.1007/s00464-005-0247-x. PMID 16858534.
Kan, He-Ping; Guo, Wen-Bin; Tan, Yong-Fa; Zhou, Jie; Liu, Cun-Dong; Huang, Yu-Qi (2014-10-09). "Statin use and risk of gallstone disease: A meta-analysis". Hepatology Research. 45 (9): 942–948. doi:10.1111/hepr.12433. ISSN 1386-6346. PMID 25297889.
Preiss, David; Tikkanen, Matti J.; Welsh, Paul; Ford, Ian; Lovato, Laura C.; Elam, Marshall B.; LaRosa, John C.; DeMicco, David A.; Colhoun, Helen M. (2012-08-22). "Lipid-modifying therapies and risk of pancreatitis: a meta-analysis". JAMA. 308 (8): 804–811. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.8439. ISSN 1538-3598. PMID 22910758.
Experimental investigation of the flow of bile in patient specific cystic duct models M Al-Atabi, SB Chin…, Journal of biomechanical engineering, 2010
Channa, Naseem A.; Khand, Fateh D.; Khand, Tayab U.; Leghari, Mhhammad H.; Memon, Allah N. (2007). "Analysis of human gallstones by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)". Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 23 (4): 546–50. ISSN 1682-024X. Archived from the original on 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
Kim IS, Myung SJ, Lee SS, Lee SK, Kim MH (2003). "Classification and nomenclature of gallstones revisited" (PDF). Yonsei Medical Journal. 44 (4): 561–70. doi:10.3349/ymj.2003.44.4.561. ISSN 0513-5796. PMID 12950109. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
Gallstones—Cholelithiasis; Gallbladder attack; Biliary colic; Gallstone attack; Bile calculus; Biliary calculus Archived 2011-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Last reviewed: July 6, 2009. Reviewed by: George F. Longstreth. Also reviewed by David Zieve
Stokes, Caroline S.; Gluud, Lise Lotte; Casper, Markus; Lammert, Frank (2014-07-01). "Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Diets Higher in Fat Prevent Gallbladder Stones During Weight Loss: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 12 (7): 1090–1100.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.11.031. ISSN 1542-3565. PMID 24321208.
Jensen (2010). "Postcholecystectomy syndrome". Omaha, Nebraska: Medscape (WebMD). Archived from the original on 2010-12-23. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
Zackria, R; Waheed, A (January 2019). "Postcholecystectomy Syndrome". PMID 30969724.
National Health Service (2010). "Gallstones — Treatment". NHS Choices: Health A-Z—Conditions and treatments. London: National Health Service. Archived from the original on 2010-11-14. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
"Interview with Darren Wise. Transcrip". Omaha, Nebraska: Medscape (WebMD). Archived from the original on 2010-11-21. Retrieved 2010-11-06.