参考
OED 2nd edition, 1989.
Entry "fistula" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
Garefalakis, Maria; Hickey, Martha; Johnson, Neil (2017). "Gynecological Morbidity". International Encyclopedia of Public Health. Elsevier. pp. 342–353. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-5.00178-8. ISBN 978-0-12-803708-9. A fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between organs or vessels that are not normally connected.
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Fistula
Identification of Monarda fistulosa Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine subpage of Discover Life , 2014.
"Stephanie Nolen, "Not Women Anymore…" Ms. Magazine, Spring 2005". Archived from the original on 2017-01-20. Retrieved 2007-12-11.
UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund. Press Release, 22 June 2006. "More Funding Needed to Help Victims of Sexual Violence"
Emily Wax, Washington Post Foreign Service. Saturday, October 25, 2003; Page A01 "A Brutal Legacy of Congo War"
Shah S, Bawa A, Mishra A, Nar AS (May 2013). "The Role of Fibrin Glue in the Treatment of High and Low Fistulas in Ano". Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 7 (5): 876–879. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/5387.2964. PMC 3681059. PMID 23814732.