在19世纪末,主要的理论涉及脊柱和大脑的器官损伤。伦敦外科医生约翰·埃里克·埃里克森(John Eric Erichsen)在1866年发表了著名的演讲,后来在1875年以书的形式再版,题为《关于脊柱脑震荡:神经休克和其他神经系统的不明显损伤的临床和法医学方面》(Concussion of the Spine: nervous shock and other obscure of the nervous system in their clinical and medical -legal aspects),他在演讲中表示:
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