大致上讲,渗出液是肝门静脉压力增加(> 8 mmHg,通常约为20 mmHg)的结果(例如,由于肝硬化),而渗出液则是由于炎症或恶性肿瘤而主动分泌的液体。结果,渗出液的蛋白质和乳酸脱氢酶含量高,pH值低(<7.30),葡萄糖水平低,白细胞增多。渗出液的蛋白质含量低(<30 g / L),LDH含量低,pH高,葡萄糖含量正常,每1000 mm3少于1个白细胞。临床上,最有用的措施是腹水和血清白蛋白浓度之间的差异。差异小于1 g / dl(10 g / L)表示渗出液。
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