参考
Adam S Cheifetz; Alphonso Brown; Michael Curry; Alan C Moss (10 Mar 2011). Oxford American Handbook of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Oxford University Press. p. 234. ISBN 9780199830121.
Lindkvist B (2013). "Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency". World J. Gastroenterol. (Review). 19 (42): 7258–66. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7258. PMC 3831207. PMID 24259956.
Moutzouri, Elisavet; Elisaf, Moses; Liberopoulos, N. Evangelos (2011). "Hypocholesterolemia". Current Vascular Pharmacology. 9 (2): 200–12. doi:10.2174/157016111794519354. PMID 20626336.
Dogliotti, L; Tampellini, M; Stivanello, M; Gorzegno, G; Fabiani, L (2001). "The clinical management of neuroendocrine tumors with long-acting repeatable (LAR) octreotide: comparison with standard subcutaneous octreotide therapy". Annals of Oncology. 12 Suppl 2: S105–9. doi:10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_2.s105. PMID 11762334.
Squires, Sally (2006-01-24). "Weighing a Pill For Weight Loss". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-07-06. While the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) still must approve the switch, the agency often follows the advice of its experts. If it does, Orlistat (xenical) -- currently sold only by prescription -- could be available over-the-counter (OTC) later this year. But it's important to know that the weight loss that's typical for users of the drug -- 5 to 10 percent of total weight -- will be less than many dieters expect. And many consumers may be put off by the drug's significant gastrointestinal side effects, including flatulence, diarrhea and anal leakage.
"Frito-Lay Study: Olestra Causes "Anal Oil Leakage"". Center for Science in the Public Interest. February 13, 1997. Retrieved 2007-07-07. The Frito-Lay report states: "The anal oil leakage symptoms were observed in this study (3 to 9% incidence range above background), as well as other changes in elimination. ... Underwear spotting was statistically significant in one of two low level consumer groups at a 5% incidence above background." Despite those problems, the authors of the report concluded that olestra-containing snacks "should have a high potential for acceptance in the marketplace."
"The Word Is 'Leakage'. Accidents may happen with a new OTC diet drug". Newsweek. June 25, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-18. Retrieved 2007-06-21. GlaxoSmithKline has a tip for people who decide to try Alli, the over-the-counter weight-loss drug it is launching with a multimillion-dollar advertising blitz—keep an extra pair of pants handy. That's because Alli, a lower-dose version of the prescription drug Xenical, could (cue the late-night talk-show hosts) make you soil your pants. But while Alli's most troublesome side effect, anal leakage, is sure to be good for a few laughs, millions of people who are desperate to take off weight may still decide the threat of an accident is worth it.
Traoret, C J; Lokko, P; Cruz, A C R F; Oliveira, C G; Costa, N M B; Bressan, J; Alfenas, R C G; Mattes, R D (2007). "Peanut digestion and energy balance". International Journal of Obesity. 32 (2): 322–8. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803735. PMID 17912269.
Hollis, James; Mattes, Richard (2007). "Effect of chronic consumption of almonds on body weight in healthy humans". British Journal of Nutrition. 98 (3): 651–6. doi:10.1017/S0007114507734608. PMID 17445351.
Place, A. R. (1992). "Comparative aspects of lipid digestion and absorption: Physiological correlates of wax ester digestion". The American Journal of Physiology. 263 (3 Pt 2): R464–71. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.3.R464. PMID 1415629.
Bad Bug Book - Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook: Gempylotoxin, FDA
"Reported medical side-effects of Olestra according to Procter and Gamble studies". Center for Science in the Public Interest. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2007-06-21. Olestra sometimes causes underwear staining associated with "anal leakage." Olestra sometimes causes underwear staining. That phenomenon may be caused most commonly by greasy, hard-to-wipe-off fecal matter, but occasionally also from anal leakage (leakage of liquid olestra through the anal sphincter).
Lindkvist, B (14 November 2013). "Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 19 (42): 7258–66. doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7258. PMC 3831207. PMID 24259956.
Rubio-Tapia, A; Hill, ID; Kelly, CP; Calderwood, AH; Murray, JA; American College of, Gastroenterology. (May 2013). "ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of celiac disease". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 108 (5): 656–76, quiz 677. doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.79. PMC 3706994. PMID 23609613.