参考
Bhat, Sriram; M, Sriram Bhat (30 December 2012). SRB's Manual of Surgery. JP Medical Ltd. p. 1279. ISBN 978-93-5025-944-3.
Augustin, Goran (12 May 2014). Acute Abdomen During Pregnancy. Springer. p. 8. ISBN 978-3-319-05422-3.
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Exam and History Taking (9th ed.). Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins. p. 390.
Huang, Ih-Ping; Smith, C Daniel (August 2006). "Cope's Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen, 21st Edition". Annals of Surgery. 244 (2): 322. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000230276.84612.b4. PMC 1602170.
Silen, William (revised by) (2005). Cope's early diagnosis of the acute abdomen (21st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517545-X.