参考
Allan B Wolfson (1 September 2009). Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1222–. ISBN 978-0-7817-8943-1. Retrieved 30 May 2011.
McGee, S. (2007). Evidence based physical diagnosis (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Huang, Ih-Ping; Smith, C Daniel (August 2006). "Cope's Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen, 21st Edition". Annals of Surgery. 244 (2): 322. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000230276.84612.b4. PMC 1602170.
Silen, William (revised by) (2005). Cope's early diagnosis of the acute abdomen (21st ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517545-X.