参考
Osayande AS, Mehulic S (March 2014). "Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea". American Family Physician. 89 (5): 341–6. PMID 24695505.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (Jan 2015). "FAQ046 Dynsmenorrhea: Painful Periods" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015.
"Menstruation and the menstrual cycle fact sheet". Office of Women's Health. December 23, 2014. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
"Dysmenorrhea and Endometriosis in the Adolescent". ACOG. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
"Dysmenorrhea". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
"Period pain". nhs.uk. 2017-10-19. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
"Using Foods Against Menstrual Pain". Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Retrieved 2019-10-04.
Gomathy N, Dhanasekar KR, Trayambak D, Amirtha R (2019). "Supportive therapy for dysmenorrhea: Time to look beyond mefenamic acid in primary care". J Family Med Prim Care. 8 (11): 3487–3491. PMID 31803641.
Laura A Payne, Andrea J Rapkin, Laura C Seidman, Lonnie K Zeltzer, and Jennie CI Tsao (2017). "Experimental and procedural pain responses in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review". J Pain Res. 10: 2233–2246. PMID 29066929.
"Period Pain". MedlinePlus. National Library of Medicine. March 1, 2018. Retrieved November 7, 2018.
Janssen EB, Rijkers AC, Hoppenbrouwers K, Meuleman C, D'Hooghe TM (2013). "Prevalence of endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy in adolescents with dysmenorrhea or chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review". Human Reproduction Update. 19 (5): 570–82. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmt016. PMID 23727940.
Hilário SG, Bozzini N, Borsari R, Baracat EC (January 2009). "Action of aromatase inhibitor for treatment of uterine leiomyoma in perimenopausal patients". Fertility and Sterility. 91 (1): 240–3. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.006. PMID 18249392.
Nabeshima H, Murakami T, Nishimoto M, Sugawara N, Sato N (2008). "Successful total laparoscopic cystic adenomyomectomy after unsuccessful open surgery using transtrocar ultrasonographic guiding". Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology. 15 (2): 227–30. doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2007.10.007. PMID 18312998.
Hacker, Neville F., J. George Moore, and Joseph C. Gambone. Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4th ed. Elsevier Saunders, 2004. ISBN 0-7216-0179-0[page needed]
Fenakel K, Lurie S. (1990). "The use of calcium channel blockers in obstetrics and gynecology; a review". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 37 (3): 199–203. doi:10.1016/0028-2243(90)90025-v. PMID 2227064.
Harel Z (December 2006). "Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: etiology and management". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 19 (6): 363–71. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2006.09.001. PMID 17174824.
Bofill Rodriguez, M; Lethaby, A; Farquhar, C (19 September 2019). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 9: CD000400. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000400.pub4. PMC 6751587. PMID 31535715.
Wright, Jason and Solange Wyatt. The Washington Manual Obstetrics and Gynecology Survival Guide. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003. ISBN 0-7817-4363-X[page needed]
Rosenwaks Z, Seegar-Jones G (October 1980). "Menstrual pain: its origin and pathogenesis". The Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 25 (4 Suppl): 207–12. PMID 7001019.
Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Hayes-Gill B, Crowe J, O'Brien PM (July 2002). "Menstrual symptometrics: a simple computer-aided method to quantify menstrual cycle disorders". Fertility and Sterility. 78 (1): 96–101. doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03161-8. PMID 12095497.
Marjoribanks J, Ayeleke RO, Farquhar C, Proctor M (July 2015). "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD001751. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001751.pub3. PMC 6953236. PMID 26224322.
Rossi S, editor. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3
Archer DF (November 2006). "Menstrual-cycle-related symptoms: a review of the rationale for continuous use of oral contraceptives". Contraception. 74 (5): 359–66. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2006.06.003. PMID 17046376.
Wong CL, Farquhar C, Roberts H, Proctor M (October 2009). "Oral contraceptive pill for primary dysmenorrhoea". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD002120. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002120.pub3. PMC 7154221. PMID 19821293.
Power J, French R, Cowan F (July 2007). Power J (ed.). "Subdermal implantable contraceptives versus other forms of reversible contraceptives or other implants as effective methods of preventing pregnancy" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD001326. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001326.pub2. PMID 17636668.
Glasier A (2006). "Contraception". In DeGroot LJ, Larry JJ (eds.). Endocrinology (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 2993–3003. ISBN 978-0-7216-0376-6.
Loose DS, Stancel GM (2006). "Estrogens and Progestins". In Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL (eds.). Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (11th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 1541–1571. ISBN 978-0-07-142280-2.
Gupta HP, Singh U, Sinha S (July 2007). "Laevonorgestrel intra-uterine system--a revolutionary intra-uterine device". Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 105 (7): 380, 382–5. PMID 18178990.
Morgan PJ, Kung R, Tarshis J (May 2002). "Nitroglycerin as a uterine relaxant: a systematic review". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 24 (5): 403–9. doi:10.1016/S1701-2163(16)30403-0. PMID 12196860.
Parazzini F, Di Martino M, Pellegrino P (2017). "Magnesium in the gynecological practice: a literature review". Magnes Res. 30 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1684/mrh.2017.0419. PMID 28392498.
Pattanittum P, Kunyanone N, Brown J, Sangkomkamhang US, Barnes J, Seyfoddin V, Marjoribanks J (March 2016). "Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3: CD002124. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002124.pub2. PMID 27000311.
Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Swaroop A, Bagchi D, Bishayee A (2017). "A small plant with big benefits: Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) for disease prevention and health promotion". Mol Nutr Food Res. 61 (6): 1600950. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600950. PMID 28266134.
Latthe PM, Champaneria R, Khan KS (February 2011). "Dysmenorrhoea". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2011. PMC 3275141. PMID 21718556.
Daily JW, Zhang X, Kim DS, Park S (December 2015). "Efficacy of Ginger for Alleviating the Symptoms of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials". Pain Medicine. 16 (12): 2243–55. doi:10.1111/pme.12853. PMID 26177393.
Zhu X, Proctor M, Bensoussan A, Wu E, Smith CA (April 2008). Zhu X (ed.). "Chinese herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhoea". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD005288. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005288.pub3. PMID 18425916.
Gao L, Jia C, Zhang H, Ma C (October 2017). "Wenjing decoction (herbal medicine) for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 296 (4): 679–689. doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4485-7. PMID 28791471.
Smith CA, Armour M, Zhu X, Li X, Lu ZY, Song J (April 2016). "Acupuncture for dysmenorrhoea". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4: CD007854. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007854.pub3. PMID 27087494.
Proctor ML, Murphy PA, Pattison HM, Suckling J, Farquhar CM (July 2007). Proctor M (ed.). "Behavioural interventions for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD002248. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002248.pub3. PMID 17636702.
Chapman-Smith D (2000). "Scope of practice". The Chiropractic Profession: Its Education, Practice, Research and Future Directions. West Des Moines, IA: NCMIC. ISBN 978-1-892734-02-0.[page needed]
Proctor ML, Hing W, Johnson TC, Murphy PA (July 2006). Proctor M (ed.). "Spinal manipulation for primary and secondary dysmenorrhoea". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3): CD002119. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002119.pub3. PMC 6718213. PMID 16855988.
Elboim-Gabyzon M, Kalichman L (2020). "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Primary Dysmenorrhea: An Overview". Int J Womens Health. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S220523. PMID 32021488.
Ramirez C, Donnellan N. (2017). "Pelvic denervation procedures for dysmenorrhea". Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 29 (4): 225–230. doi:10.1097/GCO.0000000000000379. PMID 28683027.
Holder A, Edmundson LD, Erogul M (31 December 2009). "Dysmenorrhea". eMedicine. Archived from the original on 2011-02-22.
Sharma P, Malhotra C, Taneja DK, Saha R (February 2008). "Problems related to menstruation amongst adolescent girls". Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 75 (2): 125–9. doi:10.1007/s12098-008-0018-5. PMID 18334791.
Banikarim C, Chacko MR, Kelder SH (December 2000). "Prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhea on Hispanic female adolescents". Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 154 (12): 1226–9. doi:10.1001/archpedi.154.12.1226. PMID 11115307.
Sule ST, Umar HS, Madugu NH (June 2007). "Premenstrual symptoms and dysmenorrhoea among Muslim women in Zaria, Nigeria". Annals of African Medicine. 6 (2): 68–72. doi:10.4103/1596-3519.55713. PMID 18240706.
Juang CM, Yen MS, Horng HC, Cheng CY, Yuan CC, Chang CM (October 2006). "Natural progression of menstrual pain in nulliparous women at reproductive age: an observational study". Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 69 (10): 484–8. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70313-2. PMID 17098673.
Vink CW, Labots-Vogelesang SM, Lagro-Janssen AL (August 2006). "[Menstruation disorders more frequent in women with a history of sexual abuse]". Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde (in Dutch). 150 (34): 1886–90. PMID 16970013.
"Mozon: Sykemelder seg på grunn av menssmerter". Mozon. 2004-10-25. Archived from the original on 2007-03-17. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
French L (2008). "Dysmenorrhea in adolescents: diagnosis and treatment". Paediatric Drugs. 10 (1): 1–7. doi:10.2165/00148581-200810010-00001. PMID 18162003.