参考
Sullivan, Jonathon. "What is Brain Ischemia?". WSU Emergency Medicine Cerebral Resuscitation Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
"Brain Ischemia (Cerebral Ischemia)". Cure Hunter Incorporated. 2003. pp. Relationship Network. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
"UpToDate Inc".
Vespa, Paul; Bergsneider, Marvin; Hattori, Nayoa; Wu, Hsiao-Ming; Huang, Sung-Cheng; Martin, Neil A; Glenn, Thomas C; McArthur, David L; Hovda, David A (2005). "Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and positron emission tomography study". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 25 (6): 763–74. doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600073. PMC 4347944. PMID 15716852.
Raichle, Marcus (1983). "The Pathophysiology of Brain Ischemia" (PDF). Neurological Progress. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-19. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
Hossmann, Konstantin-Alexander; Zimmermann, Volker (1974). "Resuscitation of the monkey brain after 1 H complete ischemia. I. Physiological and morphological observations". Brain Research. 81 (1): 59–74. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(74)90478-8. PMID 4434196.
Raichle, Marcus; Ann Neurol (1983). "The pathophysiology of brain ischemia" (PDF). Neurological Process. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-19. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
Beers, Mark; Andrew Fletcher; Thomas Jones; Robert Porter (2003). The Merck Manual of Medical Information. New York, New York: Merck & Co. Inc. pp. 458–461. ISBN 84-494-3359-2.
Caplan, Louis; Scott Kasner; John Dashe. "Differential diagnosis of brain ischemia". Up to Date For Patients. UpToDate. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
Lipton, Peter (1999). "Ischemic cell death in brain neurons". Physiological Reviews. 79 (4): 1431–568. doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.4.1431. PMID 10508238.
Baldwin, Robert C. (2005). "Is vascular depression a distinct sub-type of depressive disorder? A review of causal evidence". International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 20 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1002/gps.1255. PMID 15578670.
Sparks, Gareth (2002). "What is Moyamoya disease?". eSSORTMENT. Archived from the original on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-04-13.
Sullivan, Jonathon. "Bad Things Happen in Ischemia". WSU Emergency Medicine Cerebral Resuscitation Laboratory. Emergency Medicine Cerebral Resuscitation Lab. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
"Ischemic and Hemorrhagic". Archived from the original on 2009-02-16. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
Hakim AM (1998). "Ischemic penumbra: the therapeutic window". Neurology. 51 (3 Suppl 3): S44–6. doi:10.1212/wnl.51.3_suppl_3.s44. PMID 9744833.
Sullivan, Jonathon. "Two Flavors of Ischemia". Brain Ischemia 101. Emergency Medicine Cerebral Resuscitation Lab. Retrieved 2008-10-13.
Miettinen, S.; Fusco, F. R.; Yrjanheikki, J.; Keinanen, R.; Hirvonen, T.; Roivainen, R.; Narhi, M.; Hokfelt, T.; Koistinaho, J. (1997). "Spreading depression and focal brain ischemia induce cyclooxygenase-2 in cortical neurons through N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-receptors and phospholipase A2". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 94 (12): 6500–5. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.6500M. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.12.6500. JSTOR 42387. PMC 21079. PMID 9177247.
Hinds CJ (1985). "Prevention and treatment of brain ischaemia". British Medical Journal. 291 (6498): 758–60. doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6498.758. PMC 1417168. PMID 3929929.
"Cerebral Hypoxia Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. National Institutes of Health. 2008-05-07. Archived from the original on 2009-05-05. Retrieved 2009-04-28.