参考
ASHA
"Apraxia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
"Definition of APRAXIA". www.merriam-webster. Retrieved 2017-05-02.
Heilman KM, Watson RT, Gonzalez-Rothi LJ. Praxis. In: Goetz CG. Goetz: Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 4.
Duffy, Joseph R. (2013). Motor Speech Disorders: Substrates, Differential Diagnosis, and Management. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-323-07200-7.
"Apraxia". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 2019-08-02.
"Apraxia Information Page | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke". 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
Nadeau SE (2007). "Gait apraxia: further clues to localization". Eur. Neurol. 58 (3): 142–5. doi:10.1159/000104714. PMID 17622719.
Sathian, K; et al. (Jun 2011). "Neurological and rehabilitation of action disorders: common clinical deficits". Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 25 (5): 21S–32S. doi:10.1177/1545968311410941. PMC 4139495. PMID 21613535.
Gross, RG; Grossman, M. (Nov 2008). "Update on apraxia". Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 8 (6): 490–496. doi:10.1007/s11910-008-0078-y. PMC 2696397. PMID 18957186.
Treatment Resource Manual for Speech Pathology 5th edition
Foundas, Anne L. (2013-01-01), Barnes, Michael P.; Good, David C. (eds.), "Chapter 28 - Apraxia: neural mechanisms and functional recovery", Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Neurological Rehabilitation, Elsevier, 110, pp. 335–345, retrieved 2019-08-07
Tonkonogy, Joseph & Puente, Antonio (2009). Localization of clinical syndromes in neuropsychology and neuroscience. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 291–323. ISBN 978-0826119674.
Vanbellingen, T.; Bohlhalter, S. (2011). "Apraxia in neurorehabilitation: Classification, assessment and treatment". NeuroRehabilitation. 28 (2): 91–98. doi:10.3233/NRE-2011-0637. PMID 21447909.
Vanbellingen, T.; Kersten, B.; Van Hemelrijk, B.; Van de Winckel, A.L.J.; Bertschi, M.; Muri, R.; De Weerdt, W.; Bohlhalter, S. (2010). "Comprehensive assessment of gesture production: a new test to measure upper limb apraxia". European Journal of Neurology. 17 (1): 59–66. doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02741.x. PMID 19614961.
(Manasco, 2014)
"NINDS Apraxia Information Page". Retrieved 8 March 2012.
Worthington, Andrew (2016). "Treatments and technologies in the rehabilitation of apraxia and action disorganisation syndrome: A review". Neurorehabilitation. 39 (1): 163–174. doi:10.3233/NRE-161348. ISSN 1053-8135. PMC 4942853. PMID 27314872.
Hanna-Pladdy, B; Heilman, K.M.; Foundas, A.L. (Feb 2003). "Ecological implications of ideomotor apraxia: evidence from physical activities of daily living". Neurology. 60 (3): 487–490. doi:10.1212/wnl.60.3.487. PMID 12578932.
West, C; Bowen, A.; Hesketh, A.; Vail, A. (Jan 2008). "Interventions for motor apraxia following stroke". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 23 (1): CD004132. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004132.pub2. PMC 6464830. PMID 18254038.
Buxbaum LJ, Haaland KY, Hallett M, et al. (February 2008). "Treatment of limb apraxia: moving forward to improved action" (PDF). Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 87 (2): 149–61. doi:10.1097/PHM.0b013e31815e6727. PMID 18209511.
Smania, N; et al. (Dec 2006). "Rehabilitation of limb apraxia improves daily life activities in patients with stroke". Neurology. 67 (11): 2050–2052. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000247279.63483.1f. PMID 17159119.
"ASHA, Apraxia of Speech in Adults".
Dovern, A.; Fink, GR.; Weiss, PH. (Jul 2012). "Diagnosis and treatment of upper limb apraxia". J Neurol. 259 (7): 1269–83. doi:10.1007/s00415-011-6336-y. PMC 3390701. PMID 22215235.
Wambaugh, JL; Nessler, C; Cameron, R; Mauszycki, SC (2012). "Acquired apraxia of speech: the effects of repeated practice and rate/rhythm control treatments on sound production accuracy". American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. 21 (2): S5–S27. doi:10.1044/1058-0360(2011/11-0102). PMID 22230177.