果糖的高膳食摄入量显著导致高尿酸血症。在美国的一项大型研究中,每天饮用四种或更多含糖软饮料导致高尿酸血症的优势比为 1.82。尿酸产生增加是果糖代谢产物干扰嘌呤代谢的结果。这种干扰具有双重作用,既增加了 ATP 向肌苷和尿酸的转化,又增加了嘌呤的合成。果糖还抑制尿酸的排泄,显然是通过与尿酸竞争获得转运蛋白 SLC2A9。在具有高尿酸血症和/或痛风的遗传(遗传)倾向的人群中,果糖在减少尿酸排泄方面的作用增加。
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