张鸿祺 凌锋 杜金刚 王大明 张劲松
缪中荣 马大海 宋庆斌 郝蔓春 李晓光
【摘要】 目的 通过国产机械可脱式弹簧圈(MDS)的动物试验及临床初步应用,观察其操作性能及致血凝性。 方法 利用中国白兔建立分叉部位动脉瘤模型,2周后进行国产机械可脱式弹簧圈的栓塞。5个动脉瘤共使用弹簧圈24枚。2~3周后造影复查,并处死动物,取出动脉瘤标本进行病理检查。临床应用于10例患者的栓塞,其中动脉瘤7例,外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)2例,海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)1例。共使用弹簧圈146枚,均用MDS推导系统操作。 结果 病理检查示兔动脉瘤被弹簧圈不同程度填塞(2例完全,3例次全),陈旧及机化的血栓填充弹簧圈之间,与血流接触面有内皮细胞生长。操作过程中,国产弹簧圈与MDS推导系统配合较好,叩合、推导、回拉及解脱顺利。 结论 国产机械可脱式弹簧圈与进口MDS推导系统相匹配,操作可靠安全,有较好致血凝性,并可诱发内皮细胞生长封闭瘤口。
【关键词】 脑动脉瘤 栓塞,治疗性 放射摄影术,介入性
Animal experiment and clinical application of self-made mechanically detachable coils Zhang Hongqi?,Ling Feng,Du Jingang,et al.?Research Center of Interventional Neurooradiology, Beijing Hospital,Beijing 100730.
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the practical and thrombogenetic characteristics of self-made mechanically detachable coils by the animal experiment and primary clinical application. Method The bifurcation type of aneurysm model was established on rabbit and embolized with self-made mechanically detachable coils 2 weeks after surgery. 24 coils were used in 5 experimental aneurysms.Control angiography was performed and the rabbits were sacrificed 2~3 weeks after the embolization.The embolized aneurysm samples were examined by pathologist.Ten patients were treated with self-made mechanically detachable coils in primary clinical application.They were divided into aneurysms(7 patients), traumatic carotid-carvenous fistulas (2),dural arterio-venous fistula in carvenous sinus region (1).146 coils were used totally and all were delivered with mechanical detachable system (MDS Balt co.France). Result Pathologically,the cavities of rabbit aneurysm models were occluded by tungsten coils (2 complete,3 almost complete).The coils were trapped in granulation tissue which was covered by a thin layer of endothelium on the surface facing the blood flow.In the coils dense packing ones,the aneurysms were completely excluded from the parent circulation by neointimal layers.In the practice procedures,the coils fit MDS (Balt co.France) very well and can be delivered,withdrew and detached smoothly. Conclusion The self-made mechanically detachable coils have practical reliability and evident thrombogenetic effects.
【Key words】 Cerebral aneurysm Embolization,therapeutic Radiography,interventional
目前,颅内动脉瘤介入神经放射治疗的主要手段是用弹簧圈填塞动脉瘤腔。使用游离弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤,无法控制其方向及位置,目前已逐渐被可控式弹簧圈所取代。其中较成熟且应用最为广泛的可控式弹簧圈有电解可脱式弹簧圈(GDC)(Target Co. 美国)和机械可脱式弹簧圈(MDS)(Balt Co. 法国)。这两种弹簧圈及其操作系统各有优缺点[1~3]。我们自行研制了与法国MDS推导系统相匹配的机械可脱式弹簧圈,不仅质量可靠,价格低廉,而且致血凝性明显优于进口弹簧圈。本实验利用兔分叉部位动脉瘤模型来评价国产机械可脱式弹簧圈操作的可靠性,亚急性期致血凝性和局部组织学变化,并成功地进行了临床初步应用。
材料和方法
1.动物试验:6只中国白兔(体重2.8~3.2 kg,雌雄不限),利用Forrest 和 O'Reilly 的方法稍作改进建立动脉分叉处动脉瘤模型[4]。1只兔手术后死于肺炎,其余5只于2周后行股动脉插管造影,直接切开股动脉,置入Magic2F/3F微导管(Balt Co. 法国)作为造影管,手推造影,用比例球测量动脉瘤大小。选用相应直径的国产弹簧圈,利用MDS推导系统栓塞动脉瘤,尽可能达到完全而且致密的填塞。2~3周后再次经股动脉插管造影,并与栓塞后即时的造影影像相对比,动脉瘤内无造影剂显影者为完全闭塞,有少量或瘤颈处有造影剂显影(<5 %)者为次全栓塞。复查完毕,将Magic 2F或3F 导管头放置于颈总动脉近心端,由颈部原切口暴露动脉瘤,快速推注10 %福尔马林溶液处死动物,以达到动脉腔内固定动脉瘤的作用,推注同时结扎三支载瘤动脉,取出动脉瘤,置于10 %福尔马林溶液中固定。在手术显微镜下行大体观察,沿动脉瘤长轴剖开,显示瘤腔及弹簧圈,观察动脉瘤内弹簧圈盘曲的致密程度和血栓形成情况。小心取出动脉瘤内弹簧圈,并特意取出瘤颈处自血管壁向弹簧圈团表面延伸生长的膜样覆盖物,HE染色,病理检查。
2.临床初步应用:1997年6~9月,我们应用国产机械可脱式弹簧圈共治疗10例患者(男4例,女6例;平均年龄40.3岁)。其中动脉瘤7例,外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)2例,海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)1例。动脉瘤栓塞时,第1枚弹簧圈要根据动脉瘤体最大径选用相应直径的弹簧圈,根据动脉瘤腔体积选择弹簧圈长度,以后的弹簧圈直径及长度逐渐减小,以达到致密栓塞。本组2例CCF均先采用可脱性球囊栓塞,其中1例闭塞颈内动脉后,瘘口再通,然后选用经静脉途径及后交通动脉途径在海绵窦内放置弹簧圈闭塞海绵窦;另1例球囊未完全闭塞海绵窦,选用经静脉途径在海绵窦内放置弹簧圈。DAVF为经静脉途径填塞海绵窦。治疗过程中弹簧圈均用MDS推导系统导入栓塞部位。
结果
一、动物试验
1.动脉瘤模型的建立:本实验所建立的分叉部位动脉瘤模型,手术后第一次造影复查显示动脉瘤内壁光滑,未见血栓形成,而且动脉瘤均明显增大,瘤内血流呈湍流(图1)。
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