自噬(吃自己的身体)在精神疾病诊断和统计手册(DSM)(美国使用的诊断手册)中未被归类为精神障碍或精神障碍的症状。然而,自噬可归类于DSM的Impulse-Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified。冲动控制障碍涉及未能抵抗冲动,驱使或试图执行对人或他人有害的行为。受这种疾病影响的大多数人在作出行为之前往往会感到紧张或觉醒,然后在行为发生时体验快乐,满足或宽慰。一旦行为完成,个人可能会或可能不会感到后悔,自责或有罪。[1]
当一个人被迫咬住和/或吞食一个人的身体部分而被迫对自己施加痛苦时,就会发生自噬。有时可见精神分裂症,[2]精神病和Lesch-Nyhan综合征。[3]
在观察脊髓和周围神经损伤的实验中,在实验室大鼠中观察到类似的行为。由此产生的行为包括大鼠舔,然后咀嚼他们的指甲,以及他们的脚趾尖。在极端情况下,老鼠会咀嚼整个脚趾甚至脚。[4] [5]为了摆脱这种行为,研究人员在大鼠的肢体上应用了一系列蒸发,苦味的混合物(Metronidazol和New Skin的组合),因为大多数动物都避免咀嚼任何带有苦味的东西。在对24只脊髓损伤大鼠进行测试后,只有一只大鼠在两到三周后咀嚼了脚趾。[6]
另见:
Self-cannibalism
Trichophagia, eating hair, usually one's own
Onychophagia, eating fingernails or toenails, usually one's own
Morsicatio buccarum, eating skin of the inner lip
参考:
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
Koops E, Püschel K (1990). "[Self-mutilation and autophagia]". Arch Kriminol (in German). 186 (1–2): 29–36. PMID 2278506.
Frost FS, Mukkamala S, Covington E (2008). "Self-inflicted finger injury in individuals with spinal cord injury: an analysis of 5 cases". J Spinal Cord Med. 31 (1): 109–16. PMC 2435035. PMID 18533422..
De Medinaceli, L., and R. J. Wyatt. 1988. Local autoimmune reaction and behavioral abnormalities after repeated nerve injury: anexperimental study. Autoimmunity 1:171-182.
Saade, N. E., L. S. Shihabuddin, S. F. Atweh, and S. J. Jabbur. 1993. The role of previous nociceptive input in development of autotomy following cordotomy. Exp. Neurol. 119:280-286.
Zhang, Y. P., Onifer, S. M., Burke, D. A., & Shields, C. B. (2001). A topical mixture for preventing, abolishing, and treating autophagia and self-mutilation in laboratory rats. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 40(2), 35-36. |