需氧性阴道炎（AV）是一种由Donders等人首先描述的阴道炎。 在2002年。[1] [2] 它的特征是乳酸菌菌群或多或少受到严重破坏，并伴有炎症，萎缩以及主要由肠道菌或病原体组成的需氧菌群[3]。
可以认为是细菌性阴道病的有氧对应物。 缺乏对这两种情况之间差异的认识，可能导致过去几项研究的结论不准确。[4] 被描述为“脱皮性炎性阴道炎”的实体可能对应于需氧性阴道炎的更严重形式。[5]
需氧性阴道炎（在14周龄的孕妇中）：基底层细胞，乳酸杆菌缺乏和其他细菌过度生长，发炎
内容
1 体征和症状
1.1 并发症
2 诊断
3 治疗
4 流行病学
5 参考
体征和症状
需氧性阴道炎的妇女通常会出现阴道粘膜变红的变薄现象，有时会出现广泛的糜烂或溃疡和泛黄的分泌物（无鱼腥味，这是典型的细菌性阴道病）。 pH值通常很高。症状包括灼热，刺痛和性生活困难。这些症状可能会持续很长时间，有时甚至是几年。通常情况下，患者已经使用抗真菌药和抗生素药物数次治疗而没有缓解。[3]在无症状的情况下，有微观证据，但没有症状。无症状病例的患病率未知。[3]
并发症
需氧性阴道炎与多种妇科和产科并发症有关
胎膜早破
早产
升性绒膜羊膜炎[6]。
增加性传播感染（包括艾滋病毒）的风险[7]
子宫颈抹片检查结果异常[8] [9]
诊断
诊断基于微观标准。理想情况下，使用相差显微镜放大400倍（高功率场）。[10]为了评分，必须评估白细胞的相对数量，毒性白细胞的百分比，背景菌群和上皮细胞的比例，乳杆菌等级：
治疗
治疗并不总是那么容易，其目的是纠正需氧性阴道炎遇到的三个关键变化：萎缩，炎症和异常菌群的存在。治疗可以包括局部类固醇减少炎症和局部雌激素减少萎缩。使用和选择抗生素来减少需氧细菌的负荷/比例仍然是一个有争议的问题。可以选择使用局部抗生素，最好是局部非吸收性和广谱性的药物，包括肠溶性革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性需氧菌，例如卡那霉素。在某些情况下，全身性抗生素可能会有所帮助，例如阿莫克拉韦或莫西沙星。[11]用聚维酮碘冲洗阴道可快速缓解症状，但不能长期减少细菌负荷。[12]氯化异喹啉也可以作为治疗选择。[13]
流行病学
约5％至10％的妇女受到需氧性阴道炎的影响。[14]孕妇的报告指出患病率为8.3-10.8％。[15] [16]
考虑有症状的女性时，AV的患病率可高达23％。[17] [18] [19]
参考文献：
Donders, Gilbert G.G.; Vereecken, Annie; Bosmans, Eugene; Dekeersmaecker, Alfons; Salembier, Geert; Spitz, Bernard (2002). "Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis". BJOG. 109 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2002.00432.x. PMID 11845812.
Donders, Gilbert G. G.; Bellen, Gert; Grinceviciene, Svitrigaile; Ruban, Kateryna; Vieira-Baptista, Pedro (2017-05-11). "Aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger". Research in Microbiology. 168 (9–10): 845–858. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2017.04.004. ISSN 1769-7123. PMID 28502874.
Donders, G; Bellen, G; Rezeberga, D (2011). "Aerobic vaginitis in pregnancy". BJOG. 118 (10): 1163–70. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03020.x. PMID 21668769.
Han, Cha; Wu, Wenjuan; Fan, Aiping; Wang, Yingmei; Zhang, Huiying; Chu, Zanjun; Wang, Chen; Xue, Fengxia (2015). "Diagnostic and therapeutic advancements for aerobic vaginitis". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 291 (2): 251–7. doi:10.1007/s00404-014-3525-9. PMID 25367602.
Newbern, EC; Foxman, B; Leaman, D; Sobel, JD (2002). "Desquamative Inflammatory Vaginitis An Exploratory Case-Control Study". Annals of Epidemiology. 12 (5): 346–52. doi:10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00316-7. PMID 12062923.
Donders, G. G. G.; Moerman, P.; De Wet, G. H.; Hooft, P.; Goubau, P. (1991). "The association between Chlamydia cervicitis, chorioamnionitis and neonatal complications". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 249 (2): 79–85. doi:10.1007/BF02390366. PMID 1953055.
Donders, Gilbert; De Wet, Henry; Hooft, Peter; Desmyter, Jan (1993). "Lactobacilli in Papanicolaou Smears, Genital Infections, and Pregnancy". American Journal of Perinatology. 10 (5): 358–61. doi:10.1055/s-2007-994761. PMID 8240593.
Jahic, Mahira; Mulavdic, Mirsada; Hadzimehmedovic, Azra; Jahic, Elmir (2013). "Association Between Aerobic Vaginitis, Bacterial Vaginosis and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion of Low Grade". Medical Archives. 67 (2): 94–6. doi:10.5455/medarh.2013.67.94-96. PMID 24341052.
Vieira-Baptista, P.; Lima-Silva, J.; Pinto, C.; Saldanha, C.; Beires, J.; Martinez-de-Oliveira, J.; Donders, G. (2016). "Bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis, vaginal inflammation and major Pap smear abnormalities". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 35 (4): 657–64. doi:10.1007/s10096-016-2584-1. PMID 26810061.
Donders, G.G.G.; Larsson, P.G.; Platz-Christensen, J.J.; Hallén, A.; van der Meijden, W.; W**lner-Hanssen, P. (2009). "Variability in diagnosis of clue cells, lactobacillary grading and white blood cells in vaginal wet smears with conventional bright light and phase contrast microscopy". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 145 (1): 109–12. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.04.012. PMID 19481329.
Wang, C.; Han, C.; Geng, N.; Fan, A.; Wang, Y.; Yue, Y.; Zhang, H.; Xue, F. (2016). "Efficacy of oral moxifloxacin for aerobic vaginitis". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 35 (1): 95–101. doi:10.1007/s10096-015-2513-8. PMID 26526787.
Donders, Gilbert G. G.; Ruban, Katerina; Bellen, Gert (2015). "Selecting Anti-Microbial Treatment of Aerobic Vaginitis". Current Infectious Disease Reports. 17 (5): 477. doi:10.1007/s11908-015-0477-6. PMID 25896749.
Mendling, Werner; Weissenbacher, Ernst Rainer; Gerber, Stefan; Prasauskas, Valdas; Grob, Philipp (2016). "Use of locally delivered dequalinium chloride in the treatment of vaginal infections: a review". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 293 (3): 469–84. doi:10.1007/s00404-015-3914-8. PMC 4757629. PMID 26506926.
Tansarli, G. S.; Kostaras, E. K.; Athanasiou, S.; Falagas, M. E. (2013). "Prevalence and treatment of aerobic vaginitis among non-pregnant women: evaluation of the evidence for an underestimated clinical entity". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 32 (8): 977–84. doi:10.1007/s10096-013-1846-4. PMID 23443475.
Donders, GG; Van Calsteren, K; Bellen, G; Reybrouck, R; Van den Bosch, T; Riphagen, I; Van Lierde, S (2009). "Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy". BJOG. 116 (10): 1315–24. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02237.x. PMID 19538417.
Zodzika, Jana; Rezeberga, Dace; Jermakova, Irina; Vasina, Olga; Vedmedovska, Natalija; Donders, Gilbert (2011). "Factors related to elevated vaginal pH in the first trimester of pregnancy". Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 90 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2010.01011.x. PMID 21275914.
Fan, Aiping; Yue, Yingli; Geng, Nv; Zhang, Huiying; Wang, Yingmei; Xue, Fengxia (2013). "Aerobic vaginitis and mixed infections: comparison of clinical and laboratory findings". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 287 (2): 329–35. doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2571-4. PMID 23015152.
Bologno, Romina; Díaz, Yanina M.; Giraudo, María C.; Fernández, Rosa; Menéndez, Viviana; Brizuela, Juan C.; Gallardo, Adriana A.; álvarez, Laura A.; Estevao Belchior, Silvia G. (2011). "Importancia del estudio del balance del contenido vaginal (BACOVA) en el control preventivo de las trabajadoras sexuales" [Importance of studying the balance of vaginal content (BAVACO) in the preventive control of sex workers]. Revista Argentina de Microbiología (in Spanish). 43 (4): 246–50. doi:10.1590/S0325-75412011000400002 (inactive 2019-12-11). PMID 22274820.
Marconi, C.; Donders, G.G.G.; Bellen, G.; Brown, D.R.; Parada, C.M.G.L.; Silva, M.G. (2013). "Sialidase activity in aerobic vaginitis is equal to levels during bacterial vaginosis". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 167 (2): 205–9. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.12.003. PMID 23375395. |
